View source for Alliant Techsystems

{{short description|American aerospace, defense, and arms firm (1990–2015)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Alliant Techsystems Inc.
| logo = ATK Alliant Techsystems logo.svg
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{NYSE was|ATK}}
| foundation = 1990, spun off from [[Honeywell]]
| defunct = {{End date|2015|02|09}}
| fate = Merged with [[Orbital Sciences Corporation]] to form [[Orbital ATK]], sporting group spun off as [[Vista Outdoor]]
| location = [[Arlington, Virginia]], United States
| key_people = Mark DeYoung ([[President (corporate title)|President]] & [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| industry = [[Aerospace manufacturer|Aerospace]], [[arms industry|arms]]
| revenue = {{increase}} {{US$|4.8 billion|link=yes}}
| revenue_year = 2017
| net_income = {{increase}} {{US$|0.3 billion}}
| net_income_year = 2017
| assets = {{increase}} {{US$|5.8 billion}}
| assets_year = 2017
| equity = {{increase}} {{US$|1.9 billion}}
| equity_year = 2017
| num_employees = 16,000
| num_employees_year = 2017
| homepage = atk.com
| footnotes = Financials {{as of|2014|03|31|df=US|lc=y}} (final fiscal year end)<br />References:<ref>{{Cite web |date= May 22, 2014 |title=Annual report Form 10-K 2014 Alliant Techsystems Inc. |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/866121/000086612114000006/atk-3312014x10xk.htm |access-date=June 24, 2024}}</ref>
}}

'''Alliant Techsystems Inc.''' ('''ATK''') was an American [[Aerospace manufacturer|aerospace]] and [[arms industry|arms]] manufacturer headquartered in [[Arlington County, Virginia]]. The company operated across 22 states, [[Puerto Rico]], and internationally. ATK revenue in fiscal year 2014 was about US$4.8 billion.

On April 29, 2014, ATK announced that it would spin off its Sporting Group and merge its Aerospace and Defense Groups with [[Orbital Sciences Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.orbitalatk.com/news-room/atk-announces-plan-to-create-two-independent,-publicly-traded-companies-committed-to-leadership-in-outdoor-sports-and-aeros|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150220190213/http://www.orbitalatk.com/news-room/atk-announces-plan-to-create-two-independent,-publicly-traded-companies-committed-to-leadership-in-outdoor-sports-and-aeros|url-status = dead|archive-date = 20 February 2015|title = ATK Press Release|date = 29 April 2014|access-date = 20 February 2015|website = ATK Announces Plan to Create Two Independent, Publicly Traded Companies Committed to Leadership in Outdoor Sports and Aerospace and Defense}}</ref>

The spinoff of the Sporting Group to create [[Vista Outdoor]] and the merger leading to the creation of [[Orbital ATK]] were completed on February 9, 2015. The companies began operations as separate entities on February 20, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://news.vistaoutdoor.com/2015-02-10-Vista-Outdoor-Successfully-Completes-Spin-Off-from-ATK-and-Begins-Trading-as-Independent-Company|title = Vista Outdoor Press Release|date = 10 February 2015|access-date = 20 February 2015|website = Vista Outdoor Successfully Completes Spin-Off from ATK and Begins Trading as Independent Company|archive-date = February 12, 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230212225026/https://news.vistaoutdoor.com/2015-02-10-Vista-Outdoor-Successfully-Completes-Spin-Off-from-ATK-and-Begins-Trading-as-Independent-Company|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.orbitalatk.com/news-room/orbital-atk-marks-first-day-of-operations-following-completion-of-merger|title = Orbital ATK Press Release|date = 10 February 2015|access-date = 20 February 2015|website = Orbital ATK Marks First Day of Operations Following Completion of Merger|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150212082021/http://www.orbitalatk.com/news-room/orbital-atk-marks-first-day-of-operations-following-completion-of-merger|archive-date = February 12, 2015|df = mdy-all}}</ref> Orbital ATK was bought by [[Northrop Grumman]] in 2018.<ref name="erwin22">{{cite news |last1=Erwin |first1=Sandra |title=Northrop Grumman dismisses speculation that its 2018 acquisition of Orbital ATK could be challenged |url=https://spacenews.com/northrop-grumman-dismisses-speculation-that-its-2018-acquisition-of-orbital-atk-could-be-challenged/ |publisher=SpaceNews |date=28 July 2022}}</ref>

==History==
ATK was launched as an independent company in 1990 after [[Honeywell]] spun off its defense businesses to shareholders. The former Honeywell businesses had supplied defense products and systems to the U.S. and its allies for 50 years, including the first electronic autopilot for the B-17 aircraft's bombing missions during World War II.<ref>[http://www.atk.com/corporate-overview/history/ ATK Corporate History] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212082937/http://www.atk.com/corporate-overview/history/ |date=February 12, 2014 }}</ref>

In 1995, ATK entered the aerospace market with the acquisition of the Hercules Aerospace Co., a division of [[Hercules Inc.]] Since then ATK has become a supplier of [[Aerospace manufacturer|aerospace]] and defense products to the U.S. government and its allies, and to their contractors.  It also carries on the manufacture and sale of the Hercules gunpowder lines.

In 2001, ATK acquired [[Thiokol]], renaming it ATK Launch Systems in 2006, though it is still known within the industry by its original name. Thiokol was the sole manufacturer of the reusable [[Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster|Solid Rocket Motor]] used to launch the [[NASA]] [[Space Shuttle]], which is being adapted for NASA's [[Space Launch System]].

Also in 2001, ATK entered the sporting and law enforcement ammunition market with the acquisition of the ammunition businesses of Blount International.  This acquisition made ATK the nation's largest manufacturer of ammunition.

In 2009, ATK acquired Eagle Industries and in 2010 ATK acquired Blackhawk Industries Products Group Unlimited, LLC, diversifying into the security and law enforcement market.

On 29 April 2014, ATK announced that its board unanimously approved a plan to create two independent, public companies composed of ATK's current businesses and Orbital Sciences Corporation. ATK spun off its Sporting Group to ATK shareholders on a tax-free basis. The spinoff was immediately followed by an all-stock merger of ATK's Aerospace and Defense Groups with Orbital Sciences; Orbital shareholders received ATK common stock as consideration. The combined company was named Orbital ATK Inc.<ref name="Merger1">[http://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/orbital-atk-space-venture-created-5-billion-merger-n93911 "Orbital ATK Space Venture Created in $5 Billion Merger"]. NBC News</ref> On October 28, 2014, ATK announced that it would be seeking approval of issuance of shares to Orbital stockholders on December 9.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 October 2014 |title=Rocket explosion unlikely to hurt ATK-Orbital merger - analyst |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/alliant-techsys-ma-orbital-sciences-idUSL4N0SO5XM20141029|newspaper= Reuters |access-date=11 November 2014 }}</ref>

ATK responded to news of the explosion of a rocket built by Orbital{{clarify|does it have a name|date=August 2020}} in an earnings call{{when|date=August 2020}}. ATK stated it would conduct a "thorough evaluation of any potential implications resulting from the incident, including current operating plans, long-term strategies, and the proposed transaction". ATK also said that it was taking a careful look at its Castor 30XL motor, which is used in the second stage of Orbital's Antares rocket. ATK further noted that the explosion occurred before ignition of the second stage.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jayakumar |first=Amrita |date=3 November 2014 |title=ATK-Orbital merger is a wait-and-watch game |newspaper=New York Times |location=New York, New York USA }}</ref>

On November 17, 2014 ATK stated that its due-diligence assessment of its merger with Orbital Sciences undertaken in response to the failure of Orbital's Antares rocket found that the transaction remained in the best interest of its shareholders. Both firms rescheduled shareholder votes on the merger from December 9, 2014 to January 27, 2015.<ref name="DueD">{{cite news |last=de Selding |first=Peter B. |date=18 November 2014 |title=ATK, Orbital Sciences Postpone Merger Vote to Late January |url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/financial-report/42583atk-orbital-sciences-postpone-merger-vote-to-late-january |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141120032213/http://www.spacenews.com/article/financial-report/42583atk-orbital-sciences-postpone-merger-vote-to-late-january |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 20, 2014 |newspaper=Space News}}</ref>

The spinoff of the Sporting Group to create [[Vista Outdoor]] and the merger leading to the creation of [[Orbital ATK]] were completed on February 9, 2015; both companies began operations as separate entities on February 20, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://news.vistaoutdoor.com/2015-02-10-Vista-Outdoor-Successfully-Completes-Spin-Off-from-ATK-and-Begins-Trading-as-Independent-Company|title = Vista Outdoor Press Release|date = 10 February 2015|access-date = 20 February 2015|website = Vista Outdoor Successfully Completes Spin-Off from ATK and Begins Trading as Independent Company|archive-date = February 12, 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230212225026/https://news.vistaoutdoor.com/2015-02-10-Vista-Outdoor-Successfully-Completes-Spin-Off-from-ATK-and-Begins-Trading-as-Independent-Company|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.orbitalatk.com/news-room/orbital-atk-marks-first-day-of-operations-following-completion-of-merger|title = Orbital ATK Press Release|date = 10 February 2015|access-date = 20 February 2015|website = Orbital ATK Marks First Day of Operations Following Completion of Merger|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150212082021/http://www.orbitalatk.com/news-room/orbital-atk-marks-first-day-of-operations-following-completion-of-merger|archive-date = February 12, 2015|df = mdy-all}}</ref> Orbital ATK was bought by [[Northrop Grumman]] in June 2018.<ref name="erwin18">{{cite news |last1=Erwin |first1=Sandra |title=Acquisition of Orbital ATK approved, company renamed Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems |url=https://spacenews.com/acquisition-of-orbital-atk-approved-company-renamed-northrop-grumman-innovation-systems/ |publisher=SpaceNews |date=6 June 2018}}</ref>

In July 2022, Northrop CEO [[Kathy Warden]] was forced to deny reports that the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) would break up the merger.<ref name="erwin22"/>

==Groups==
===ATK Aerospace===
[[File:ATKrocket.jpg|thumb|right|A display of ATK rockets]]
ATK's Aerospace Group covered space, defense and commercial aerospace products and capabilities. The group offered propulsion for space exploration, commercial launch vehicles and strategic and missile defense.  ATK Aerospace was headquartered in [[Magna, Utah]].<ref name=ATK20121026>{{cite news |url=http://www.atk.com/corporateoverview/corpover_spacegroup.asp|title= ATK Corporate Overview Websites|date=2012-10-26|work=ATK Corporate}}</ref>

It also specialized in:
* Composite structures for military and commercial aircraft
*Rolls-Royce Trent XWB-97 engine
*[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] (also known as the Joint Strike Fighter)
*Integrated satellite systems
*Satellite components and subsystems
*Military flares and decoys
*Space engineering services
*Propulsion for space exploration, commercial launch vehicles, strategic and missile defines
[[ALV X-1]] sounding rocket

In November 2010, ATK was selected by NASA for potential contracts in heavy lift launch vehicle systems and other propulsion technologies.  In 2012, NASA awarded the company a $50 million contract to complete engineering development and risk reduction tests as part of the Advanced Concept Booster Development for the Space Launch System (SLS).

In April 2014, ATK received a contract from the [[United Launch Alliance]], worth $178 million, to produce composite structures for the United States Air Force's [[Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle]] program.  ATK will deliver parts for the [[Atlas V]] and [[Delta IV]] starting in 2014 and continuing into early 2018.  There is an option for additional deliveries in 2017 and 2018.  ATK will provide fairings, payload adapters and diaphragms, interstages, nose cones, and thermal/aerodynamic protection components. All the structures will be produced at ATK's Large Structures Center of Excellence in [[Iuka, Mississippi]].<ref name="Launch">{{Cite web |url=http://www.compositesworld.com/news/atk-wins-ula-contract-to-build-composite-launch-vehicle-structures |title=ATK wins ULA contract to build composite launch vehicle structures : CompositesWorld |access-date=April 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302053004/http://www.compositesworld.com/news/atk-wins-ula-contract-to-build-composite-launch-vehicle-structures |archive-date=March 2, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

ATK produces avionics for NASA's [[Space Launch System]] program.  The Space Launch System is designed for [[outer space|deep space]] operations, including missions to Mars.<ref name="SLS">{{cite web|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865600157/Prepare-to-launch-ATK-runs-tests-on-new-NASA-booster.html?pg=all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602200414/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865600157/Prepare-to-launch-ATK-runs-tests-on-new-NASA-booster.html?pg=all|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 2, 2014|title=Prepare to launch: ATK runs tests on new NASA booster|date=April 3, 2014|work=DeseretNews.com|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref>  After ATK finishes testing, avionics will be delivered to NASA's [[Marshall Space Flight Center]].  The first launch is expected in 2017.<ref name="NASA">{{cite web|url=http://fox13now.com/2014/04/06/utahns-working-on-tech-to-help-put-human-on-mars/|title=Utahns working on tech to help put human on Mars|work=fox13now.com|date=April 7, 2014|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref>

====Airbus A350 XWB-1000====
{{Main|Airbus A350 XWB}}
ATK produces composite stringers and frames for the Airbus A350 XWB-1000 variant at its facility in Clearfield, Utah. As of 2014, ATK has delivered more than 10,000 components to [[Airbus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/featured-articles/3328-utah-s-aerospace-and-defense-cluster-shaped-by-strong-companies-deep-talent-pool|title=Utah's Aerospace and Defense Cluster Shaped by Strong Companies, Deep Talent Pool|author=Bryan Schott|work=utahpolicy.com|date=August 26, 2014|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref>

====Boeing 787 Dreamliner====
{{Main|Boeing 787 Dreamliner}}
ATK participated in a consortium to develop a new engine nozzle for the Boeing 787 designed to make its operation more environmentally friendly. The nozzle was made from oxide-oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC) and tested on the 787 [[ecoDemonstrator]]. Boeing's tests show that the nozzle is more heat resistant than previous models and lighter, allowing for potential gains in fuel efficiency. This was the largest part ever made from CMC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviationweek.com/blog/boeing-s-787-ecodemonstrator-goes-work|title=Boeing's 787 ecoDemonstrator goes to work|access-date=June 12, 2015|archive-date=October 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019070806/http://aviationweek.com/blog/boeing-s-787-ecodemonstrator-goes-work|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle====
{{Main | Orion (spacecraft)}}
The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle is a [[spacecraft]] intended to carry a crew of up to four astronauts to destinations beyond-[[low Earth orbit]]. Currently under development by NASA,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bergin|first1=Chris|title=EFT-1 Orion completes assembly and conducts FRR|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/10/eft-1-orion-assembly-conduts-frr/|website=NASASpaceflight.com|date=October 30, 2014|access-date=November 10, 2014}}</ref> for launch on the [[Space Launch System]],<ref name=report>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/510449main_SLS_MPCV_90-day_Report.pdf |title=Preliminary Report Regarding NASA's Space Launch System and Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle |date=January 2011 |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=May 25, 2011}}</ref> Orion will facilitate human exploration of the [[Moon]], [[asteroid]]s and [[Mars]].

ATK developed the launch abort motor that sits on top of the Orion capsule. This device would pull the capsule and its crew up and away from the rocket in the event of major fault on the launch pad or during ascent. ATK also developed numerous composite parts that provide heat protection for Orion.<ref name="OrionPie">{{cite news |last=Lopez |first=Jesus |date=2 December 2014 |title=ATK test rocket one step forward to landing humans on Mars |url=http://www.standard.net/Business/2014/12/03/Test-flight-one-step-forward-to-landing-humans-on-Mars.html |newspaper=Standard Examiner |location=Ogden, Utah |access-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105635/http://www.standard.net/Business/2014/12/03/Test-flight-one-step-forward-to-landing-humans-on-Mars.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====James Webb Space Telescope====
{{Main|James Webb Space Telescope}}
[[File:James Webb Space Telescope 2009 top.jpg|thumb|left|3/4 view of JWST from the "top" (opposite side from the Sun)]]
ATK worked with [[Northrop Grumman]] to produce the backplane support frame (BSF) for the James Webb Space Telescope. The BSF, center section, and wings form what is called the primary mirror backplane support system (PMBSS). The BSF is the primary load-bearing structure during launch and the PMBSS holds the telescope's main instruments, including its mirrors. The BSF was designed and manufactured at ATK's facilities in Magna, Utah. ATK designed and fabricated more than 10,000 parts for the PMBSS. PMBSS is made primarily of lightweight graphite, but numerous other materials including [[invar]], [[titanium]], and other composite materials were used.<ref name="Webb1">{{cite web|url=http://spaceref.biz/2013/06/northrop-grumman-atk-complete-backbone-of-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope.html|title=Northrop Grumman, ATK Complete Backbone of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref>

====Delta II====
{{Main|Delta II}}
[[File:Clouds of smoke around the 323rd Delta rocket on launch pad 17B.jpg|thumb|Clouds of smoke around the 323rd Delta rocket on launch pad 17B]]
ATK produces [[Graphite-Epoxy Motor|Graphite Epoxy Motors]] (GEM) and largest composite fairings for the Delta II rocket as a subcontractor for the United Launch Alliance. As of June 2014, ATK has produced 987 solid rocket boosters for Delta II missions. These strap-on boosters, known as GEM-40s, add 434,000 pounds to the Delta II's maximum thrust. The GEM-40s can be used in groups of three, four, and nine depending on the weight of the payload. The composite structures supplied by ATK increase performance by reducing weight. In addition to composite booster cases for the GEM-40s, ATK produces a 10-foot wide composite payload fairing that covers and protects satellites during launch. ATK also produces the titanium diaphragm propellant tanks and pressurant tank for each Delta II vehicle.<ref name="Delta">{{cite web|url=http://www.standard.net/Business/2014/07/02/ATK-sets-record-with-latest-satellite-launch.html|title=ATK adds to record with latest satellite launch|author=Standard-Examiner|work=Standard-Examiner|access-date=June 12, 2015|archive-date=February 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211193910/http://www.standard.net/Business/2014/07/02/ATK-sets-record-with-latest-satellite-launch.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Delta IV====
{{Main|Delta IV}}
ATK produces [[Graphite-Epoxy Motor|Graphite Epoxy Motors]] and numerous other components for the Delta IV rocket. For example, for the Delta IV that carried the Wideband Global SATCOM satellite (WGS-6) into orbit for the U.S. Air Force, ATK supplied the interstage connector that linked the Common Booster Core and the cryogenic second stage, a centerbody that connects the liquid oxygen tank to liquid hydrogen tanks, a thermal shield for the RS-68 engine, the composite payload fairing, and numerous pieces of hardware for securing the payload.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.compositestoday.com/2013/08/atk-provides-composite-structures-for-delta-iv-rocket/|title=ATK Provides Composite Structures for Delta IV Rocket|work=Composites Today|date=August 13, 2013|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref>

====Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2====
{{Main|Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2}}
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) is an American [[environmental science]] satellite. The spacecraft is used to study [[carbon dioxide]] concentrations and distributions in the atmosphere.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/delta/d367/preview.html|title=Carbon dioxide-sniffing spacecraft set to launch|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=28 June 2014|access-date=1 July 2014}}</ref> ATK produced the OCO-2's Variable Conductance Heat Pipes, an important part of its thermal control system, solar arrays, and solar array substrates.<ref name="Delta"/>

====InSight====
{{Main|InSight}}
[[File:InSight Lander.jpg|left|thumb]]
InSight is a robotic lander mission to [[Mars]] originally planned for launch in March 2016.<ref name=washington>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/nasa-will-send-robot-drill-to-mars-in-2016/2012/08/20/43bf1980-eaef-11e1-9ddc-340d5efb1e9c_story.html NASA will send robot drill to Mars in 2016], Washington Post, By Brian Vastag, Monday, August 20</ref> The mission's objective is to place a stationary [[Mars landing|lander]] equipped with a [[seismometer]] and heat flow probe on the surface of Mars to study its early geological evolution. This would bring new understanding of the solar system's [[terrestrial planets]]. ATK was awarded a contract to provide its UltraFlex solar arrays for the mission. ATK claims that UltraFlex will provide better performance than typical solar arrays used on spacecraft while accommodating ambitious requirements for low mass and small size.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.govconwire.com/2014/07/lockheed-awards-atk-contract-to-provide-ultraflex-solar-arrays-for-mission-to-mars/|title=Lockheed Awards ATK contract to provide UltraFlex Solar Arrays for Mission to Mars|work=GovCon Wire|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref>

====Atlas V====
{{Main|Atlas V}}
ATK entered the competition to replace the Russian-made rocket engine on the Atlas V rocket in September 2014. The Atlas V is used to launch most U.S. military satellites. ATK entered the competition in response to a request for proposals from the Air Force Space and Missile Defense Center issued in 2013 for the RD-180 rocket engine. ATK already supplies rocket engines used in heavier version of the Atlas V. ATK says that solid rocket motors are more reliable and deliver more thrust. ATK said, "Solid rocket motors are optimal for first-stage performance as they provide high lift-off thrust, allowing for more payload margin. They also require less ground and launch infrastructure, resulting in fewer launch scrubs."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://defensesystems.com/articles/2014/10/01/atk-to-compete-to-replace-russian-rocket-engine.aspx|title=ATK enters competition to replace Russian rocket engine -- Defense Systems|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref> The RD-180 engines use kerosene for fuel. The request from the Air Force occurred due to concerns about whether the RD-180 would be available in the future due to increasing tensions with Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/military-space/41966atk-urges-air-force-to-consider-solids-as-it-weighs-rd-180-replacement|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141006194948/http://www.spacenews.com/article/military-space/41966atk-urges-air-force-to-consider-solids-as-it-weighs-rd-180-replacement|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 6, 2014|title=ATK Urges Air Force To Consider Solids as It Weighs RD-180 Replacement|work=SpaceNews.com|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref>

====Graphite Epoxy Motors====
The [[Graphite-Epoxy Motor]] (GEM) is a [[solid rocket]] motor produced by ATK using [[Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer|epoxy composite casing]]. GEMs are used as boosters for the [[Delta II]], [[Delta III]], and [[Delta IV]] [[launch vehicle]]s. The use of composite materials allows for booster casings several times lighter than the steel casings of the [[Castor (rocket stage)|Castor 4]] solid rocket motors they replaced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Launch Vehicle: Solid Rocket Motors|url=http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mer/mission/launch_srm.html|website=Jet Propulsion Laboratory|publisher=NASA|access-date=November 1, 2018}}</ref> The first flight of a GEM occurred in 1990 on a Delta II 7925.<ref>{{cite web|title=GEM 40|url=http://www.astronautix.com/engines/gem40.htm|website=Astronautix|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110090738/http://www.astronautix.com/engines/gem40.htm|archive-date=January 10, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===ATK Defense===
[[File:Flickr - The U.S. Army - XM-25 Counter Defilade Target Engagement System.jpg|thumb|[[XM-25]] Counter Defilade Target Engagement System]]
ATK's Defense Group produced ammunition, precision and strike weapons, missile-warning solutions and tactical rocket motors across air, sea and land-based systems.

ATK Defense Group develops products and services for:
*Small-, medium- and large-caliber ammunition
*Anti-radiation homing strike vehicles
[[AGM-88 HARM#AGM-88E AARGM|AARGM]]
*Missile warning and hostile fire detection
*Precision-guided munitions
[[XM1156 Precision Guidance Kit|PGK]]
[[XM25 CDTE|XM25]]
*Propulsion, advanced fuzing and warheads
*Medium-caliber gun systems
*Missile defense interceptors
*Weaponized ISR special mission aircraft
MC-27J

As of April 2014, ATK had a three-year contract with [[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed]] to develop a warhead for the [[M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System|Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System]]. The contract includes engineering, manufacturing, and development. ATK's work will focus on system performance, warhead qualification, and producibility.<ref name="GMLRS">{{cite web|url=http://blog.executivebiz.com/2014/04/lockheed-to-start-atk-built-alternative-warhead-tests-with-soldiers-in-the-summer/#sthash.Q87m1cxj.dpuf|title=Lockheed to Start ATK-Built Alternative Warhead Tests With Soldiers in the Summer|work=ExecutiveBiz|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref>

====Lake City Army Ammunition Plant====
In 2012, ATK was selected by the [[United States Army]] to continue operating and maintaining the [[Lake City Army Ammunition Plant]] (LCAAP) for an additional seven to ten years. The LCAAP is a federally owned facility in Independence, Missouri. It was built by [[Remington Arms]] in 1941 to manufacture and test small-caliber ammunition for the army. As of July 2007, the plant produced about 1.5 billion rounds of ammunition per year. The LCAAP still tests ammunition and is the largest producer of small-arms ammunition for the U.S. military. ATK has operated the LCAAP since April 2001.<ref name="GS">"[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/aap-lakecity.htm Lake City Army Ammunition Plant]". ''GlobalSecurity.org''.</ref><ref name="USA Today">Lardner, Richard. "[https://www.usatoday.com/news/topstories/2007-07-23-2938580624_x.htm Ammo makers prepare for drop in demand]". ''[[USA Today]]''. 23 July 2007.</ref>

The United States Army and ATK opened a renovated ammunition production facility at the LCAAP in December 2014. The renovations improved efficiency and quality control. The Army and ATK invested $11 million to modernize "Building 65" for the production of 20 millimeter ammunition. These large caliber rounds are usually fired from automatic cannons mounted on ground vehicles and aircraft. Building 65 housed 20 millimeter round production until 1997, when it was moved to Building 3. About 50 people are employed on this line.<ref name="20mm">{{cite news |last=Dornbrook |first=James |date=3 December 2014 |title=ATK, U.S. Army invest $11M in Independence ammo plant |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/news/2014/12/03/atk-u-s-army-invest-11m-in-independence-ammo-plant.html |newspaper=Kansas City Business Journal}}</ref>

====AGM-88E Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile====
[[File:AGM-88E HARM p1230047.jpg|left|thumb|AGM-88E]]
The [[AGM-88 HARM|AGM-88E Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile]] (AARGM) is an upgrade to the AGM-88 High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM). The AARGM is the result of cooperation between the United States and Italy. It is produced by ATK. In September 2013, ATK delivered the 100th AARGM to the U.S. Navy. It will be initially integrated onto the FA-18C/D, FA-18E/F, EA-18G, and Tornado ECR aircraft and later on the [[F-35 Lightning II|F-35]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/21/idUS152956+21-Jan-2009+PRN20090121 |title=ATK Awarded $55 Million Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile Low Rate Initial Production... |publisher=Reuters |date=2009-01-21 |access-date=2011-07-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623150446/https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/21/idUS152956%2B21-Jan-2009%2BPRN20090121 |archive-date=June 23, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The AGM-88E development program was proceeded on schedule and did not exceed its budget.<ref name="AARGM1">{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/atk-delivers-100th-advanced-anti-radiation-guided-missile-aargm-to-us-navy-224053301.html|title=ATK Delivers 100th Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM) to U.S. Navy|author=ATK|date=September 17, 2013|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref>

In August 2014, the [[United States Navy]] awarded a full-rate production contract to ATK to produce to AARGM. Under this contract ATK will also provide captive air training missiles for both the United States and Italy. This is the third contract for the AARGM won by ATK and it is worth $96.2 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsus-navy-awards-third-aargm-full-rate-production-contract-to-atk-4342417|title=US Navy awards third AARGM full-rate production contract to ATK|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref>

====AN/AAR-47 Missile Approach Warning System====
The [[AN/AAR-47 Missile Approach Warning System]] (MWS) is used on slow moving aircraft such as helicopters and military transport aircraft to notify the pilot of threats and to trigger the aircraft's countermeasures systems. Its main users are the U.S. Army, Navy and Air Force, but is also operated by other countries. Originally developed by [[Loral Space & Communications]], it has been solely a product of ATK since 2002. The AN/AAR-47 passively detects missiles by their infrared signature, and uses algorithms to differentiate between incoming missiles and false alarms. Newer versions also have laser warning sensors and are capable of detecting a wider range of threats. After processing the nature of the threat, the system gives the pilot an audio and visual warning, and tells the direction of the incoming threat. It also sends a signal to the aircraft's infrared countermeasures system, which can then for example deploy flares. The development of the original AN/AAR-47(V)1 began in 1983 by Loral. ATK became a second production source in the mid 90s and eventually became the primary contractor. In 1998 ATK began production of the improved AN/AAR-47(V)2, which added laser warning functionality.<ref name="AAR1">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/an-aar-47.htm|title=AN/AAR-47 Missile Approach Warning System|author=John Pike|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref>

====Precision Guidance Kit====
{{Main|XM1156 Precision Guidance Kit}}
The Precision Guidance Kit (PGK) is a United States Army program to develop a [[precision guidance]] system for existing 155&nbsp;mm [[artillery shell]]s.<ref name="GLOBSEC">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/m1156.htm|title=XM1156 Precision Guidance Kit (PGK)|author=John Pike|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref> The prime contractor is Alliant Techsystems and the project team includes Interstate Electronics Corporation.<ref name="ATKPGK_01">{{Cite web|url=http://www.atk.com/capabilities_defense/cs_ms_w_gp_pgk.asp|title=ATK Precision Guidance Kit (PGK) - ATK}}</ref> In operation the PGK will screw into the nose of the [[projectile]] much like the existing [[fuze]]. However, as well as the fuzing function it will provide a [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] [[Missile guidance|guidance]] package and [[Flight control surfaces|control surface]]s to correct the flight of the shell.  This is analogous to the addition of a [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (JDAM) tail-kit to a dumb iron bomb, creating a [[precision guided munition]].  Production started in 2009.<ref name="DEFNEWS_01">{{Cite web|url=http://defensenews.com/story.php?F=2793630&C=america|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121093542/http://defensenews.com/story.php?F=2793630&C=america|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-21|title=ATK To Make Precision Artillery Shell - defensenews.com}}</ref>

====Bushmaster autocannons====
[[File:USS Chosin (CG-65) 25mm M242 Bushmaster Autocannon (2).jpg|thumb|[[USS Chosin|USS ''Chosin'']] (CG-65) cruiser's 25mm [[M242 Bushmaster]] autocannon]]
[[File:Oshkosh JLTV.jpg|thumb|2016: [[Oshkosh L-ATV]] (configured as [[JLTV]]) with EOS R-400S-MK2 remote weapon system armed with [[Orbital ATK]]'s [[M230 chain gun|M230-LF 30mm]] lightweight automatic [[chain gun]].]]

The [[M242 Bushmaster]] is a [[25 mm caliber|25 mm (25×137mm)]] [[chain gun|chain-fed]] [[autocannon]]. It is used extensively by the [[United States armed forces|United States]] and [[NATO]] forces in ground [[combat vehicle]]s and watercraft. Originally, the weapon was designed and manufactured by [[McDonnell Douglas]]. It is an externally powered, chain driven, single-barrel weapon which may be fired in semi-automatic, burst, or automatic modes. It is fed by a metallic link belt and has dual-feed capability. The term "chain gun" derives from the use of a [[roller chain]] that drives the bolt back and forth. The gun can destroy lightly armored vehicles and aerial targets, such as helicopters and slow-flying aircraft. It can also suppress enemy positions such as exposed troops, dug-in positions, and occupied built-up areas. The standard rate of fire is 200 [[cartridge (firearms)|rounds]] per minute. The weapon has an effective range of {{convert|3000|m|lk=on}}, depending on the type of ammunition used.

The [[Mk44 Bushmaster II]] is a [[30 mm caliber|30 mm]] [[chain gun]] also manufactured by ATK.  It is a derivative of the [[25 mm caliber|25 mm]] M242 referenced above and uses 70% of the same parts as the M242. The Mk 44 Bushmaster II is the standard primary armament of the [[Bionix AFV|Bionix-II AFV]] currently in service with the [[Singapore Army]], the [[KTO Rosomak]] in [[Polish Army|Polish]] service as well as that of the [[CV90|CV90 AFV]]s in [[Finnish Army|Finnish]], [[Norwegian Army|Norwegian]] and [[Swiss Army|Swiss]] service. Some [[United States Navy]] vessels, such as the new [[San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock|''San Antonio''-class amphibious transport dock]] are armed with the Bushmaster II for surface threat defense.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nwfdailynews.com/share/profiles/?slid=52836bbc-64ad-c2d4-9dae-291a895b67d1&plckController=PersonaBlog&plckScript=personaScript&plckElementId=personaDest&plckPersonaPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3a52836bbc-64ad-c2d4-9dae-291a895b67d1Post%3a4d252120-6dcd-4132-b823-23038489868d&sid=sitelife.nwfdailynews.com |title=Air Force Cancels 30 mm Cannon Program for AC-130U Gunships - Inside the Air Force, 11 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928133016/http://www.nwfdailynews.com/share/profiles/?slid=52836bbc-64ad-c2d4-9dae-291a895b67d1&plckController=PersonaBlog&plckScript=personaScript&plckElementId=personaDest&plckPersonaPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3A52836bbc-64ad-c2d4-9dae-291a895b67d1Post%3A4d252120-6dcd-4132-b823-23038489868d&sid=sitelife.nwfdailynews.com |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The XM813 Bushmaster, also produced by ATK Defense, is based on the Mk44 and is offered as an upgrade for [[M1126 infantry carrier vehicle|M1126 Stryker]] and [[M2 Bradley]].  Improvements include a one-inch longer barrel, integral mount to increase first round hit probability by up to 10 percent, and dual recoil system to enhance accuracy and cope with future hotter propellants.  It can have a next-round select, linkless feed system.  The 30&nbsp;mm chain gun can fire Mk310 Programmable [[Air burst|Air Burst]] Munition rounds to attack targets in defilade.  The [[United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command]] helped enhance the XM813 mainly for safety and turret integration.  By changing five parts, the gun caliber can be increased to 40&nbsp;mm.  As of November 2013, the XM813 was being tested at [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2012armaments/Wednesday14027hart.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-12-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719192202/http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2012armaments/Wednesday14027hart.pdf |archive-date=July 19, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>[http://www.armytimes.com/article/20131108/NEWS/311080016/ Bigger, badder Bushmaster cannon in the works] - Armytimes.com, 8 November 2013</ref>

===ATK Sporting===
ATK's Sporting Group offered products under several brands for sport-shooting enthusiasts, police, and military customers around the world. In 2015, this group was spun off to form the independent company, [[Vista Outdoor|Vista Outdoor Inc.]] Vista Outdoor is publicly traded and headquartered in Utah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ammoland.com/2014/08/atk-announces-spin-off-vista-outdoors-inc/|title=Vista Outdoors Inc - ATK Announces Spin-Off|work=AmmoLand.com Shooting Sports News|date=August 14, 2014|access-date=June 12, 2015}}</ref> The group provided:

* Traditional center fire and rim fire rifles, and shotguns
* Ammunition for sport shooting, law enforcement, military, and security
* Hunting, shooting sports, and outdoor recreation accessories
* Optics, gun cleaning, targets and range systems
* Tactical accessories for military, law enforcement and security markets
* Gunpowder for ammunition and re-loaders

ATK's outdoor products brands included: [[Federal Premium Ammunition]], [[Bushnell Corporation|Bushnell]], [[Savage Arms]], BLACKHAWK!, Primos, Final Approach, Uncle Mike's, Hoppe's, [[Rock Chuck Bullet Swage|RCBS]], Alliant Powder, [[CCI (ammunition)|CCI]], Speer, Champion Targets, Gold Tip Arrows, Weaver Optics, Outers, Bolle, Cebe, and Serengeti. As of 2013, ATK's sporting business accounted for nearly 45 percent of the company's revenue.

==See also==
* [[List of modern armament manufacturers]]
* [[Top 100 Contractors of the U.S. federal government]]
* [[Armor-piercing shell]]
* [[M150 Penetration Augmented Munition]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official|https://www.atk.com}}
{{Finance links historical
| name = Alliant Techsystems, Inc.
| sec_cik = ATK
}}

{{Alliant Techsystems}}

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[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1990]]
[[Category:Firearm manufacturers of the United States]]
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