View source for Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System

{{Short description|American fingerprint database}}
{{Original research|date=March 2008}}
The '''Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System''' ('''IAFIS''') is a computerized system maintained by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) since 1999. It is a national [[automated fingerprint identification]] and criminal history system. IAFIS provides automated [[fingerprint]] search capabilities, latent searching capability, electronic image storage, and electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses. IAFIS houses the fingerprints and criminal histories of 70 million subjects in the criminal master file, 31 million civil prints and fingerprints from 73,000 known and suspected terrorists processed by the U.S. or by international law enforcement agencies.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/fingerprints_biometrics/iafis/iafis |title=Fbi — Iafis |publisher=Fbi.gov |date=1999-07-28 |access-date=2012-09-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921125141/http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/fingerprints_biometrics/iafis/iafis/ |archive-date=2012-09-21 }}</ref>

Employment background checks cause citizens to be permanently recorded in the system.{{dubious|date=April 2018}} For instance, the State of Washington mandates that all applicants seeking employment in an inpatient setting that houses vulnerable minors (such as children who are mentally challenged, physically or emotionally ill) are fingerprinted and entered into IAFIS as part of their background check in order to determine if the applicant has any record of criminal behavior.<ref>[http://www.doh.wa.gov/hsqa/BackgroundInfo.htm Background info] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224015023/http://www.doh.wa.gov/hsqa/BackgroundInfo.htm |date=February 24, 2011 }}</ref>

Fingerprints are voluntarily submitted to the FBI by local, [[U.S. state|state]], and [[Federal government of the United States|federal]] [[police|law enforcement]] [[Law enforcement agency|agencies]]. These agencies acquire the fingerprints through criminal arrests or from non-criminal sources, such as employment [[background check]]s and the [[US-VISIT]] program. The FBI then catalogs the fingerprints along with any criminal history linked with the subject.

Law enforcement agencies can then request a search in IAFIS to identify crime scene (latent) fingerprints obtained during criminal investigations. Civil searches are also performed, but the FBI charges a fee and the response time is slower.

A more advanced [[Next Generation Identification]] system became operational in 2011.<ref>Dizard III, Wilson P. [http://www.gcn.com/print/25_26/41792-1.html "FBI plans major database upgrade"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194658/http://www.gcn.com/print/25_26/41792-1.html |date=2007-09-27 }}. ''Government Computer News'', 28 August 2006. Retrieved on 2 February 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/fingerprints_biometrics/ngi |title=FBI — Next Generation Identification |publisher=Fbi.gov |access-date=2013-04-19}}</ref>