View source for Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

{{Short description|United States law}}


{{Update|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox U.S. legislation
| shorttitle        = Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
| othershorttitles  = {{unbulleted list|Advanced Geothermal Energy Research and Development Act of 2007|Department of Energy Carbon Capture and Sequestration Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 2007|Green Jobs Act of 2007|Marine and Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy Research and Development Act|Solar Energy Research and Advancement Act of 2007|Ten-in-Ten Fuel Economy Act|United States Energy Storage Competitiveness Act of 2007|[[Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act]]}}
| longtitle         = An Act to move the United States toward greater energy independence and security, to increase the production of clean [[renewable fuels]], to protect consumers, to increase the efficiency of products, buildings, and vehicles, to promote research on and deploy [[greenhouse gas]] capture and storage options, and to improve the energy performance of the Federal Government, and for other purposes.
| colloquialacronym = EISA
| nickname          = Long-Term Energy Alternatives for the Nation Act
| enacted by        = 110th
| effective date    = December 19, 2007
| public law url    = http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-121/pdf/STATUTE-121-Pg1492.pdf
| cite public law   = 110-140
| cite statutes at large = {{usstat|121|1492}}
| acts amended    = 
| acts repealed   = 
| title amended   = [[Title 42 of the United States Code|42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare]]
| sections created = {{Usc-title-chap|42|152}} § 17001 et seq.
| sections amended = 
| leghisturl      = http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:HR00006:@@@R
| introducedin    = House
| introducedbill  = {{USBill|110|H.R.|6}}
| introducedby    = [[Nick Rahall|Nick J. Rahall, II]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]–[[West Virginia|WV]])
| introduceddate  = January 12, 2007
| committees      = [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means]], [[United States House Committee on Natural Resources|House Natural Resources]], [[United States House Committee on the Budget|House Budget]], [[United States House Committee on Rules|House Rules]], [[United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure|House Transportation and Infrastructure]]
| passedbody1     = House
| passeddate1     = January 18, 2007
| passedvote1     = 264-163,  {{US House Vote|2007|040}}
| passedbody2     = Senate
| passedas2       = <!-- used if the second body changes the name of the legislation -->
| passeddate2     = June 21, 2007
| passedvote2     = 65-27, {{US Senate Vote|110|1|226}}
| conferencedate  = 
| passedbody3     = 
| passeddate3     = 
| passedvote3     = 
| agreedbody3     = House
| agreeddate3     = December 6, 2007
| agreedvote3     = 235-181, {{US House Vote|2007|1140}}
| agreedbody4     = Senate
| agreeddate4     = December 13, 2007
| agreedvote4     = 86-8, {{US Senate Vote|110|1|430}}
| passedbody4     = 
| passeddate4     = 
| passedvote4     = 
| signedpresident = George W. Bush
| signeddate      = December 19, 2007
| unsignedpresident = <!-- used when passed without presidential signing -->
| unsigneddate    = <!-- used when passed without presidential signing -->
| vetoedpresident = <!-- used when passed by overriding presidential veto -->
| vetoeddate      = <!-- used when passed by overriding presidential veto -->
| overriddenbody1 = <!-- used when passed by overriding presidential veto -->
| overriddendate1 = <!-- used when passed by overriding presidential veto -->
| overriddenvote1 = <!-- used when passed by overriding presidential veto -->
| overriddenbody2 = <!-- used when passed by overriding presidential veto -->
| overriddendate2 = <!-- used when passed by overriding presidential veto -->
| overriddenvote2 = <!-- used when passed by overriding presidential veto -->
| amendments      = 
| SCOTUS cases    = 
}}
The '''Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007''' ([https://www.law.cornell.edu/jureeka/index.php?doc=USPubLaws&cong=110&no=140 Pub.L. 110-140]<ref>{{USPL|110|140}}</ref>), originally named the '''Clean Energy Act of 2007''', is an [[Act of Congress]] concerning the [[energy policy of the United States]]. As part of the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party's]] [[100-Hour Plan]] during the [[110th United States Congress|110th Congress]],<ref name="AHN">{{cite web|last=Chase |first=Ayinde |title=House Passes Clean Energy Act of 2007, 264 to 163 |work=All Headline News |publisher=AHN Corp. |date=2007-01-19 |url=http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7006189616 |access-date=2007-05-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218225601/http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7006189616 |archive-date=February 18, 2007 }}</ref> it was introduced in the [[United States House of Representatives]] by Representative [[Nick Rahall]] of [[West Virginia]], along with 198 cosponsors. Even though Rahall was 1 of only 4 Democrats to oppose the final bill,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2007/roll1177.xml|title=FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 1177|date=2007-12-18|publisher=Office of the Clerk –U.S. House of Representatives|format=XML|access-date=2018-10-09}}</ref> it passed in the House without amendment in January 2007.  When the Act was introduced in the [[United States Senate|Senate]] in June 2007, it was combined with Senate Bill S. 1419: ''Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and Energy Efficiency Act of 2007''.<ref>{{USBill|110|S|1419}}</ref>  This amended version passed the Senate on June 21, 2007.<ref name=Freeman2007>{{Cite news|last=Freeman |first=Sholnn |title=Senate Passes Energy Bill |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |page=D01 |date=2007-06-22 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/21/AR2007062101026_pf.html |access-date=2007-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Roll Call Vote on H.R. 6 |publisher=[[United States Senate]] |date=2007-06-21 |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00226 |access-date=2007-06-25}}</ref> After further amendments and negotiation between the House and Senate, a revised bill passed both houses on December 18, 2007<ref>[http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:HR00006:@@@X 110th Congress (2007–2008) H.R.6 All Congressional Actions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217225904/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:HR00006:@@@X |date=December 17, 2008 }}. The Library of Congress THOMAS.</ref> and President [[George W. Bush|Bush]], a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]], [[sign into law|signed it into law]] on December 19, 2007, in response to his "Twenty in Ten" challenge to reduce gasoline consumption by 20% in 10 years.<ref>Bush GW. (2007) [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/stateoftheunion/2007/initiatives/energy.html Twenty In Ten: Strengthening America's Energy Security]. U.S. White House.</ref>

The stated purpose of the act is "to move the United States toward greater [[United States energy independence|energy independence]] and [[energy security|security]], to increase the production of clean [[renewable fuels]], to protect consumers, to increase the [[Efficient energy use|efficiency]] of products, buildings, and vehicles, to promote research on and deploy greenhouse gas capture and storage options, and to improve the energy performance of the Federal Government, and for other purposes.".<ref name="BILL">{{cite web |last=Rahall |first=Nick |author-link=Nick Rahall |title=H.R. 6 |work=[[THOMAS]] |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |date=2007-01-12 |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:h6: |access-date=2007-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119042517/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:h6: |archive-date=January 19, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  House Speaker Nancy Pelosi promoted the Act as a way of lowering energy costs to consumers.<ref name="Speaker">{{cite web|last=Pelosi |first=Nancy |author-link=Nancy Pelosi |title=House Speaker's Description of Legislation |work=Speaker.gov |publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]] |date=2007-01-12 |url=http://www.speaker.gov/legislation?id=0131 |access-date=2008-06-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207052057/http://www.speaker.gov/legislation?id=0131 |archive-date=February 7, 2008 }}</ref> The bill followed another major piece of energy legislation, the [[Energy Policy Act of 2005]].

The bill originally sought to cut subsidies to the [[petroleum industry]] in order to promote petroleum independence and different forms of [[alternative energy]].  These tax changes were ultimately dropped after opposition in the Senate, and the final bill focused on automobile [[Fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]], development of [[biofuel]]s, and energy efficiency in public buildings and lighting.