View source for Trade and Tariff Act of 1984

{{Short description|United States law}}
{{Infobox U.S. legislation
| shorttitle        = Trade and Tariff Act of 1984
| othershorttitles  = {{unbulleted list|Generalized System of Preferences Renewal Act of 1984|International Trade and Investment Act|Steel Import Stabilization Act|Wine Equity and Export Expansion Act of 1984}}
| longtitle         = An Act to amend the trade laws, authorize the negotiation of trade agreements, extend trade preferences, change the tariff treatment with respect to certain articles and for other purposes.
| colloquialacronym = 
| nickname          = Omnibus Tariff and Trade Act of 1984
| enacted by        = 98th
| announced in      = <!--like "enacted by" but for proposed/unpassed legislation-->
| effective date    = 
| public law url    = 
| cite public law   = {{uspl|98|573}}
| cite statutes at large = {{usstat|98|2948}}
| acts amended    = 
| acts repealed   = 
| title amended   = [[Title 19 of the United States Code|19 U.S.C.: Customs Duties]]
| sections created = <!--{{USC}} can be used-->
| sections amended = 
| leghisturl      = 
| introducedin    = House
| introducedbill  = {{USBill|98|HR|3398}}
| introducedby    = [[Sam Gibbons]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]–[[Florida|FL]])
| introduceddate  = June 23, 1983
| committees      = [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means]], [[United States Senate Committee on Finance|Senate Finance]]
| passedbody1     = House
| passeddate1     = June 28, 1983
| passedvote1     = [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/98-1983/h214 368-43]
| passedbody2     = Senate
| passedas2       = <!-- used if the second body changes the name of the legislation -->
| passeddate2     = September 20, 1984
| passedvote2     = [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/98-1984/s616 96-0], in lieu of {{USBill|98|SA|4282}}
| conferencedate  = October 4, 1984
| passedbody3     = House
| passeddate3     = October 9, 1984
| passedvote3     = [https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/98-1984/h897 386-1], in lieu of {{USBill|98|hrept|1156}}
| agreedbody3     = <!-- used when the other body agrees without going into committee -->
| agreeddate3     = <!-- used when the other body agrees without going into committee -->
| agreedvote3     = <!-- used when the other body agrees without going into committee -->
| agreedbody4     = <!-- used if agreedbody3 further amends legislation -->
| agreeddate4     = <!-- used if agreedbody3 further amends legislation -->
| agreedvote4     = <!-- used if agreedbody3 further amends legislation -->
| passedbody4     = Senate
| passeddate4     = October 9, 1984
| passedvote4     = Agreed by Voice Vote
| signedpresident = [[Ronald Reagan]]
| signeddate      = October 30, 1984
| amendments      = 
| SCOTUS cases    = 
}}
'''Trade and Tariff Act of 1984''' (P.L. 98-573) clarified the conditions under which unfair trade cases under [[Section 301]] of the [[Trade Act of 1974]] (P.L. 93-618) can be pursued. It also provided bilateral trade negotiating authority for the [[U.S.-Israel Free Trade Agreement]] and the [[U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement]], and set out procedures to be followed for congressional approval of future bilateral trade agreements.

The H.R. 3398 bill was sponsored by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[Sam Gibbons]] representing the [[Florida's 7th congressional district]].<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/98/hr3398 "H.R. 3398 (98th): Omnibus Tariff and Trade Act of 1984" - Bills]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved March 19, 2015.</ref> The [[Act of Congress]] was enacted into law by [[Presidency of Ronald Reagan|40th President of the United States]] Ronald Reagan on October 30, 1984.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=miua.4732348.1984.002&seq=730 |title=Remarks on Signing the Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 - October 30, 1984 |last=Reagan |first=Ronald |date=October 30, 1984 |website=HathiTrust Digital Library |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Archives and Records Service |pages=1682-1684}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/260499 |title=Ronald Reagan: "Remarks on Signing the Trade and Tariff Act of 1984" October 30, 1984 |author1=Peters, Gerhard |author2=Woolley, John T |work=The American Presidency Project |publisher=University of California - Santa Barbara}}</ref>

== Congressional gatekeeping ==
A key feature of the legislation was its modification of the 1974 Trade Act's [[Fast track authority]], incorporating a "committee gatekeeping" device.  Congress opted to adapt the fast-track procedure to possible bilateral free-trade agreements with nations other than Israel.<ref>Harold Hongju Koh, History of the Fast-Track Approval Mechanism"</ref>  Going forward, the procedure provided that if a country other than Israel requested free-trade negotiations with the United States, the President would be required to notify two "gatekeeper" committees – the House Ways and Means and the Senate Finance committees – and to consult with those committees for a period of 60 legislative days before giving the statutorily required 90-day notice of his intent to sign an agreement.  If neither committee disapproved of the negotiations during this 60-day committee consultation period, any subsequently negotiated agreement would receive fast-track legislative consideration.  The 1984 Act thus greatly increased the influence of Congress in negotiating trade agreements.  For example, the 60-day pre-negotiation consultation period with the two committees secured their involvement in the [[Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement]] negotiations months before formal talks began, allowing Congress to extract concessions from the President as a condition of letting negotiations proceed.

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
*{{CRS|article = Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition|url = http://ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/05jun/97-905.pdf|author= Jasper Womach}}

{{Presidency of Ronald Reagan}}
{{US tax acts}}

[[Category:1984 in American law]]
[[Category:1984 in economic history]]
[[Category:98th United States Congress]]
[[Category:Presidency of Ronald Reagan]]
[[Category:United States federal taxation legislation]]
[[Category:United States federal trade legislation]]