View source for Healthcare Systems Bureau

{{short description|U.S. government health administration organization}}
The '''Healthcare Systems Bureau''' is part of the [[Health Resources and Services Administration]] (HRSA), of the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]].

== Overview ==

HRSA oversees the nation's organ and tissue donation and transplantation systems, poison control and vaccine injury compensation programs, and a drug discount program for certain safety-net health care providers.

== Key facts ==

*In FY 2008, HRSA provided $23 million to promote the donation of organs and tissues and improve national procurement, allocation and transplantation activities.  Nearly 100,000 Americans are on organ transplant waiting lists, and about 28,000 transplant procedures are performed annually. On average, 77 patients undergo transplant surgeries each day, and 19 die for lack of donated organs.
*Since 1988, more than 2,200 families and individuals thought to have been injured by certain vaccines have been awarded over $1.8 billion through the [[National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program]]. The program seeks to encourage immunizations by assuring those few patients who experience side effects that they will be compensated or that the survivors of those killed by vaccines will also be compensated.
*HRSA funds the improvement and stabilization of poison control centers across the United States, ensuring that the more than 2.4 million poison exposures reported each year to the nation's poison control centers are treated over the phone with guidance from Poison Control Centers' trained health care professionals.
*HRSA's 340B Program lets health centers, [[HIV/AIDS]] clinics and operators of certain other federal safety-net programs buy outpatient drugs at significant discounts.
*HRSA funds the improvement and stabilization of poison control centers across the United States, ensuring that the more than 2.4 million poison exposures reported each year to the nation's poison control centers are treated over the phone with guidance from Poison Control Centers' trained health care professionals.

== History ==
The Healthcare Systems Bureau was formerly the Bureau of Health Resources Development, which was created at the end of the [[United States Public Health Service reorganizations of 1966–1973|Public Health Service reorganizations of 1966–1973]] by combining the Community Health Service and the Health Facilities Planning and Construction Service from the recently abolished Health Services and Mental Health Administration (HSMHA).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2016-08-15|title=Records of the Health Resources and Services Administration [HRSA]|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/512.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-29|website=National Archives|at=Section 512.3|language=en}}</ref>  It became the Office of Special Programs in 1997<ref>{{FedReg|62|43173}}</ref> and the Healthcare Systems Bureau in 2004.<ref>{{FedReg|69|56433}}</ref>

== Activities ==

=== Transplantation ===

HRSA oversees the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients in addition to promoting national awareness of the critical need for organ and tissue donation. HRSA also provides staff and logistics support to the Advisory Committee on Organ Transplantation, which makes recommendations to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services on issues concerning organ donation and transplantation.

Under the C.W. Bill Young Cell Transplantation Program and National Cord Blood Inventory, HRSA helps make possible blood stem cell transplants for patients with life-threatening blood disorders who lack a related donor.<ref name="Science Of Biogenetics">{{cite web|last=science of biogenetics|title=What you must know about umbilical cord stem cells|date=11 February 2017|url=http://www.scienceofbiogenetics.com/what-you-must-know-about-umbilical-cord-stem-cells/}}</ref> Stem cells for transplant come from adult volunteer donors and umbilical cord blood units donated to public cord blood banks. The program recruits adult volunteer donors, helps member cord blood banks collect and list additional units, and supports research to improve the results of unrelated donor transplants.

=== Poison Control Program ===

HRSA awards grants to the nation's 61 poison control centers and manages the national toll-free poison help line, 1-800-222-1222.

=== 340B Drug Pricing Program ===
{{Main|340B Drug Pricing Program}}

340B Drug Program is applicable to hospitals (mixed-use and outpatient clinics) and contract pharmacies.  The 340B Program is often managed by software for maximizing the savings and for providing compliance. 340BSoftware.com is an example of such software. The Program is a federal program.

The [[340B Drug Pricing Program]], administered by the Office of Pharmacy Affairs, resulted from enactment of Public Law 102-585, the Veterans Health Care Act of 1992, which is codified as Section 340B of the [[Public Health Service Act]]. Section 340B limits the cost of covered outpatient drugs to more than 18,000 eligible entities including ten types of health care providers and programs funded by the [[Health Resources and Services Administration]] (HRSA) and hospitals that provide care to high volumes of patients that are either indigent or located in remote areas. These hospitals include [[disproportionate share hospital]]s, [[children's hospital]]s, sole community hospitals, rural referral centers, critical access hospitals, and cancer hospitals exempt from the [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] [[prospective payment system]].<ref>U.S. Government Accountability Office, [http://www.gao.gov/assets/330/323702.pdf ''Report to Committees: Drug Pricing'' (GAO-11-836)], September 2011.</ref>

As reported in the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health and Human Services]] 2014 Justification of Estimates for Appropriations Committees, the 340B program cuts drug costs for participants, saving them an estimated $6 billion in discounted prescription drugs.<ref name=autogenerated1>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, [http://www.hrsa.gov/about/budget/budgetjustification2014.pdf ''Fiscal Year 2014 Justifications for Estimates for Appropriation Committees''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417102855/http://www.hrsa.gov/about/budget/budgetjustification2014.pdf |date=2013-04-17 }}.</ref> These savings enable them to purchase the drugs for a price that is "at least 23.1 percent below the average manufacturer price (AMP) for brand name drugs, 13 percent below AMP for generic drugs; and 17.1 percent below AMP for clotting and pediatric drugs".<ref>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, [http://www.hrsa.gov/about/budget/budgetjustification2014.pdf ''Fiscal Year 2014 Justifications for Estimates for Appropriation Committees''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417102855/http://www.hrsa.gov/about/budget/budgetjustification2014.pdf |date=2013-04-17 }}, page 310.</ref> These savings enable participants to provide more direct health care services to underserved populations. In recent years the program has seen a 3-4% annual growth rate.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

Pharmaceuticals purchased at 340B pricing account for 2% of drugs purchased in the U.S. annually.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

=== Hill-Burton Program ===

The Hill-Burton Program requires 200 obligated health care facilities to provide free or reduced
cost health care to patients who are uninsured, unable to pay, and unqualified for Medicaid
coverage. In exchange for such services, the program previously funded grants and loans for new construction and improvements to 6,800 facilities nationwide. But most of those locations have discharged their obligations and no longer are in the program. Since 1980, almost $6 billion in uncompensated Hill-Burton services have been provided.

=== Healthcare and other facilities ===

In FY 2008, HRSA monitored 940 projects worth $691 million for health care and health-related
facilities to meet their design, construction and equipment needs. Congress designates each of
the awardees on an individual basis.

=== Compensation programs ===

==== National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) ====

Most people who get vaccines have no serious problems. However, vaccines, like any medicines, can cause serious problems — such as severe allergic reactions — on certain rare occasions. In those cases, the [[National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program]] provides compensation to people who are found to be injured or killed by certain vaccines, or who have experienced certain medical events within a certain time of receiving such vaccines, irrespective of proof of causation.

==== Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program ====
<!-- This appears to subsume the Smallpox Vaccine Injury Compensation Program as well as the (unused) Preparedness Countermeasures Injury Compensation program. -->

Established by [[Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act|PREP Act]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act
|url=https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/legal/prepact/Pages/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221230549/https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/legal/prepact/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}</ref> in the case of pandemic, epidemic, or other major security threat requiring a medical [[Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act#Definitions|countermeasure]], the CICP provides compensation to eligible individuals for serious physical injuries or death.<ref>{{cite web|title=About CICP|url=https://www.hrsa.gov/cicp/about|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226201553/https://www.hrsa.gov/cicp/about|archive-date=December 26, 2021}}</ref> Examples include:<ref>{{cite web|title=Examples of covered public health threats|url=https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/hrsa/cicp/cicpfactsheet.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221165633/https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/hrsa/cicp/cicpfactsheet.pdf|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Covered Countermeasures|url=https://www.hrsa.gov/get-health-care/conditions/counter-measures-comp/cm-prep.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226203434/https://www.hrsa.gov/get-health-care/conditions/counter-measures-comp/cm-prep.html|archive-date=December 26, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Covered Countermeasures|url=https://www.hrsa.gov/cicp/covered-counter-measures/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925213534/https://www.hrsa.gov/cicp/covered-counter-measures/|archive-date=September 25, 2020}}</ref>
* [[COVID-19]]
* [[Marburg virus|Marburg]]
* [[nerve agent]]s and certain insecticides ([[Organophosphate|organophosphorus]] and/or [[Carbamate#Carbamate insecticides|carbamate]])
* [[2009 swine flu pandemic in the United States|2009 A/H1N1 pandemic]]
* [[Zika fever|Zika]]
* [[Ebola]]
* [[smallpox]]
* [[anthrax]]
* [[botulism]]
* [[acute radiation syndrome]] and sequela

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [https://www.hrsa.gov/about/organization/bureaus/hsb/index.html Official website]

[[Category:Health Resources and Services Administration]]