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{{Short description|Federally chartered organization in the United States}}
{{Organization 
|OrganizationName= United States Institute of Peace
|OrganizationType= Independent Agencies
|Mission= To prevent, mitigate, and resolve international conflicts by empowering others with knowledge, skills, and resources, promoting a world free from violent conflict through research, policy analysis, education, and training.
|OrganizationExecutive= President
|Employees= 300
|Budget= $55 million (Fiscal Year 2023)
|Website=https://www.usip.org
|Services= Conflict prevention; Mediation training; Policy analysis; Peacebuilding programs; Education and training
|ParentOrganization=
|CreationLegislation= Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1985
|Regulations=
|HeadquartersLocation= 38.888069, -77.050191
|HeadquartersAddress= 2301 Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20037
}}
The '''United States Institute of Peace''' ('''USIP''') is an American [[Federal government of the United States|federal]] institution tasked with promoting conflict resolution and prevention worldwide. It provides research, analysis, and training to individuals in diplomacy, mediation, and other peace-building measures.

Following years of proposals for a national peace academy, USIP was established in 1984 by congressional legislation signed into law by President [[Ronald Reagan]]. It is officially nonpartisan and independent, receiving funding only through a congressional appropriation to prevent outside influence. The institute is governed by a bipartisan board of directors with 15 members, which must include the [[United States Secretary of Defense|secretary of defense]], the [[United States Secretary of State|secretary of state]], and the president of the [[National Defense University]]. The remaining 12 members are appointed by the [[United States President|president]] and confirmed by the [[United States Senate|Senate]].

The institute's [[United States Institute of Peace Headquarters|headquarters]] is in the [[Foggy Bottom]] neighborhood of [[Washington, D.C.]] at the northwest corner of the [[National Mall]] near the [[Lincoln Memorial]] and [[Vietnam Veterans Memorial]]. It currently employs around 300 personnel and has trained more than 65,000 professionals since its inception.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}

==Mission==
The United States Institute of Peace Act, passed in 1984, calls for the institute to "serve the people and the government through the widest possible range of education and training, basic and applied research opportunities, and peace information services on the means to promote international peace and the resolution of conflicts among the nations and peoples of the world without recourse to violence."<ref name="United States Institute of Peace Act">{{cite web | url=http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title22/chapter56&edition=prelim | publisher=U.S. House of Representatives | title=United States Institute of Peace Act (22 USC Ch 56, sect. 4601-4611) | access-date=2017-01-18 | archive-date=2017-01-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118230219/http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=%2Fprelim%40title22%2Fchapter56&edition=prelim | url-status=live }} See also [http://www.usip.org/files/file/usip_act.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405111423/http://www.usip.org/files/file/usip_act.pdf |date=2013-04-05 }} on USIP website.</ref>

The institute carries out this mission by operating programs in conflict zones, conducting research and analysis, operating a training academy<ref>"[http://www.usip.org/education-training Education and Training at USIP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125204824/https://www.usip.org/education-training |date=2018-01-25 }}". United States Institute of Peace. usip.org. Retrieved 2017-01-18.</ref> and public education center,<ref>"[http://www.buildingpeace.org Global Peacebuilding Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210224739/http://www.buildingpeace.org/ |date=2019-02-10 }}". United States Institute of Peace. usip.org. Retrieved 2017-01-18.</ref> providing grants for research and fieldwork, convening conferences and workshops,<ref name="Peace-Building That Pays Off">{{cite news | url=http://www.washdiplomat.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8382:usip-keeping-the-peace-one-conflict-at-a-time&catid=1488&Itemid=428/ | work=The Washington Diplomat | title=USIP Keeping the Peace, One Conflict at a Time | first=Michael | last=Coleman | date=2012-05-31 | access-date=2022-06-03 | archive-date=2019-04-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403061751/https://washdiplomat.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8382%3Ausip-keeping-the-peace-one-conflict-at-a-time&catid=1488&Itemid=428%2F | url-status=live }}</ref> and building the academic and policy fields of international conflict management and peacebuilding.<ref name="APSIA Letter of Support">{{cite web| url = http://www.usip.org/files/resources/APSIA_USIP_Support_Letter.pdf| title = APSIA Letter of Support for the United States Institute of Peace| date = 28 February 2011| access-date = 2012-11-28| archive-date = 2011-03-09| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110309170939/http://www.usip.org/files/resources/APSIA_USIP_Support_Letter.pdf| url-status = live}}</ref> On many of its projects, the institute works in partnership with non-governmental organizations, higher and secondary educational institutions, international organizations, local organizations, and U.S. government agencies, including the [[U.S. Department of State|State Department]] and the [[U.S. Department of Defense|Department of Defense]].<ref name="The United States Government Manual 2011">{{cite web|url = http://www.usgovernmentmanual.gov/Agency.aspx?EntityId=hMA7PtK5aIQ=&ParentEId=+klubNxgV0o=&EType=jY3M4CTKVHY|work = The United States Government Manual|date = 2016|title = Quasi-Official Agencies: United States Institute of Peace|access-date = 2017-01-18|archive-date = 2017-02-02|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202002226/http://www.usgovernmentmanual.gov/(S(2nsffv4yol4imfack2qrxyrx))/Agency.aspx?EntityId=hMA7PtK5aIQ=&ParentEId=+klubNxgV0o=&EType=jY3M4CTKVHY|url-status = live}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Nancy Lindborg, president, United States Institute of Peace.jpg|thumb|Nancy Lindborg, former president of USIP]]
President [[Ronald Reagan]] signed the United States Institute of Peace Act in 1984.<ref name="United States Institute of Peace Act"/>

Spurred by a [[grassroots]] movement in the 1970s and 1980s,{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} Senator [[Jennings Randolph]] joined senators [[Mark Hatfield]] and [[Spark Matsunaga]] and Representative [[Dan Glickman]] in an effort to form a national peace academy akin to the national [[US Service academies|military academies]].<ref name="Below the Radar: A Federal Peace Agency">{{cite news | url=http://theboard.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/12/below-the-radar-a-federal-peace-agency/ | work=The New York Times | title=Below the Radar: A Federal Peace Agency | date=2008-06-12 | access-date=2012-11-28 | archive-date=2020-08-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806014016/https://theboard.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/12/below-the-radar-a-federal-peace-agency/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The 1984 act creating USIP followed from a 1981 recommendation of a commission formed to examine the peace academy issue appointed by President [[Jimmy Carter]] and chaired by Matsunaga.

[[Robert F. Turner]] was the institute's first president and CEO, holding that position from 1986 to 1987. He was followed by Ambassador [[Samuel W. Lewis]] (1987–1992), Ambassador [[Richard H. Solomon]] (1992–2012), and former congressman [[Jim Marshall (Georgia politician)|Jim Marshall]] (2012–2013). Kristin Lord served as acting president (2013–2014). Nancy Lindborg was sworn in as president on February 2, 2015 and served until 2020. Lise Grande was named the new president in October, 2020.<ref name="Grande Announcement">{{cite news |title=Lise Grande Named New President and CEO of the U.S. Institute of Peace |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lise-grande-named-new-president-and-ceo-of-the-us-institute-of-peace-301144249.html |access-date=25 January 2023 |agency=PR Newswire |publisher=United States Institute of Peace |date=2020-10-01 |archive-date=2023-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125170054/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lise-grande-named-new-president-and-ceo-of-the-us-institute-of-peace-301144249.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In its early years, the institute sought to strengthen international conflict management and peacebuilding. In a 2011 letter of support for USIP, the [[Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs]] stated that this analytical work has "helped to build the conflict management and resolution field, both as an area of study and as an applied science".<ref name="APSIA Letter of Support"/>

Under Solomon's leadership, the institute expanded its operations in conflict zones and its training programs, initially in the [[Balkans]] and, after September 11, 2001, in Afghanistan and Iraq.<ref name=Leon>{{cite web| url = http://www.defense.gov/Speeches/Speech.aspx?SpeechID=1691| title = Leon Panetta Dean Acheson Lecture: "Building Partnership in the 21st Century"| date = 28 June 2012| access-date = 28 November 2012| archive-date = 12 July 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120712191228/http://www.defense.gov/Speeches/Speech.aspx?SpeechID=1691| url-status = live}}</ref> It also became the home of several congressionally mandated blue-ribbon commissions, including the [[Iraq Study Group]], the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, and the [[Quadrennial Defense Review]] Independent Panel. Today, the institute conducts active programs in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Pakistan, Sudan, South Sudan, and elsewhere.<ref name="Peace-Building That Pays Off"/>

In 1996, Congress authorized the [[US Navy|Navy]] to transfer jurisdiction of the federal land—a portion of its Potomac Annex facility on what has been known as [[Old Naval Observatory|Navy Hill]]—to become the site of the permanent USIP headquarters, across the street from the National Mall at 23rd Street and Constitution Avenue NW, in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.wsvn.com/news/articles/entertainment/MI51121/ | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130209135333/http://www.wsvn.com/news/articles/entertainment/MI51121/ | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2013-02-09 | agency = Associated Press | title = Peace institute approved to begin construction on National Mall | date = 2007-06-09 }}</ref> Prior to its construction, the institute leased office space in downtown Washington. Construction of the headquarters building concluded in 2011.

==Budget==
[[File:U4u at USIP.jpg|thumb|A USIP event]]
USIP is funded annually by the U.S. Congress. For fiscal year 2023 Congress provided $55 million.<ref name="H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">{{cite web |title=H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2617/text |website=Congress.gov |publisher=U.S. Congress |access-date=25 January 2023 |ref=H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007100551/https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2617/text |url-status=live }}</ref> Occasionally, USIP receives funds transferred from government agencies, such as the Department of State, [[USAID]], and the Department of Defense. By law, USIP is prohibited from receiving private gifts and contributions for its program activities. The restriction on private fundraising was lifted for the public-private partnership to construct the USIP headquarters.

===Budget debate===
An op-ed in the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' on February 16, 2011, by Republican congressman [[Jason Chaffetz]] of Utah and former Democratic congressman [[Anthony Weiner]] of New York, attacked funding for USIP as part of the broader debate about federal spending. "The USIP is a case study in how government waste thrives," they wrote. "The idea began during the Cold War as a modest proposal with $4 million in seed money. But the organization received government funding year after year essentially because it had been funded the year before—and because it had important allies."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703703804576144723935786138 | work=The Wall Street Journal | first1=Jason | last1=Chaffetz | first2=Anthony | last2=Weiner | title=Small Budget Cuts Add Up | date=2011-02-16 | access-date=2017-08-08 | archive-date=2021-01-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125020709/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703703804576144723935786138 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Former [[U.S. Central Command]] commander [[Anthony Zinni]] wrote an op-ed, published in the ''[[New York Times]]'' on March 7, 2011, in support of USIP. "Congress would be hard-pressed to find an agency that does more with less. The institute's entire budget would not pay for the Afghan war for three hours, is less than the cost of a fighter plane, and wouldn't sustain even forty American troops in Afghanistan for a year. Within the budget, peace-building is financed as part of national security programs and is recognized as an important adjunct to conventional defense spending and diplomacy. The institute's share of the proposed international affairs budget, $43 million, is minuscule: less than one-tenth of one percent of the State Department's budget, and one-hundredth of one percent of the Pentagon's."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/08/opinion/08zinni.html | work=The New York Times | first=Anthony C. | last=Zinni | title=Why Congress Should Keep Financing the U.S. Institute of Peace | date=2011-03-07 | access-date=2017-02-25 | archive-date=2020-11-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015506/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/08/opinion/08zinni.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

On February 17, 2011, the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] for the 112th [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] voted to eliminate all funding for the U.S. Institute of Peace in FY 2011 continuing resolution.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2011/02/17/house-votes-to-cut-all-funding-for-us-institute-of-peace/ | work=The Raw Story | title=House votes to cut all funding for US Institute of Peace | first=Eric | last=Dolan | date=2011-02-17 | access-date=2011-03-24 | archive-date=2013-06-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622071210/http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2011/02/17/house-votes-to-cut-all-funding-for-us-institute-of-peace/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.rollcall.com/issues/56_131/ornstein_institute_peace_target_spending_war-206090-1.html?zkMobileView=false | work=Roll Call | title=U.S. Institute of Peace is Target in Spending War | first=Norman | last=Ornstein | date=2011-06-01 | access-date=2011-08-03 | archive-date=2018-08-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815120411/http://www.rollcall.com/issues/56_131/ornstein_institute_peace_target_spending_war-206090-1.html?zkMobileView=false | url-status=dead }}</ref> Funding for the institute was eventually restored by both the House and Senate on April 14, 2011, through the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act of 2011.<ref name="H.R.1473 -- Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011">{{cite web| url = http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:H.R.1473.enr:| title = H.R.1473 -- Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011| date = 14 April 2011| access-date = 28 November 2012| archive-date = 17 December 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121217114034/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:H.R.1473.enr:| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Organization and leadership==
The institute's staff of more than 300<ref>[https://www.usip.org/about "About USIP"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211034055/https://www.usip.org/about |date=2021-02-11 }}. United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref> is split among its Washington headquarters, field offices, and temporary missions to conflict zones. The institute is active in some 17 countries,<ref>[https://www.usip.org/regions-countries "Regions & Countries"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103150744/https://www.usip.org/regions-countries |date=2021-01-03 }}. United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref> and in 2012 maintained field offices in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan, and [[Baghdad]], Iraq, as well as a presence in [[Islamabad]], Pakistan.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.usip.org/about/centers | title=Centers | access-date=2022-09-28 | archive-date=2024-11-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107072530/https://www.usip.org/about/centers | url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Organization ===
[[File:USIP building.jpg|thumb|USIP building]]
USIP coordinates its work through seven main centers:

*Africa Center
*Applied Conflict Transformation Center
*Asia Center
*Middle East North Africa Center
*Policy, Learning and Strategy Center
*Russia and Europe Center
*The Gandhi-King Global Academy

===Leadership===
===Board of directors===
The board of directors is composed of 15 members, 12 of which are appointed by the [[president of the United States]] with the consent of the [[United States Senate]]. These have appropriate practical or academic experience in peace and conflict resolution efforts of the United States, and may not be officers and employees of the U.S. government.  Members are appointed to terms of four years, but they may continue to serve on the board until a successor is confirmed. A member may not be appointed for more than two terms on the board.<ref name="USC">{{USCode|22|4605}}</ref>

In addition to the twelve appointed members, the [[U.S. Secretary of State]] and the [[U.S. Secretary of Defense]], or their designees from among their departments' Senate-confirmed officers, as well as the president of the [[National Defense University]] or, if designated, the vice president of the NDU, serve as ''[[ex officio]]'' members of the board.<ref name="USC" />

No more than eight of all members may be affiliated with the same political party.<ref name="USC" />

The board elects a chairperson and a vice chairperson from among its membership. A majority of the members of the board constitutes a quorum.<ref name="USC" />

The board appoints the president of the Institute, for an explicit term of years, who serves as a nonvoting ''ex officio'' member of the board.<ref>{{USCode|22|4606}}</ref>

===Current board members===
{{Update section|date=January 2025|reason=Some members are shown to be in office despite their term having expired}}
The current board members {{as of|lc=y|df=US|2024|12|22}}:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usip.org/about/leadership/board-directors |title=Board of Directors |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=<!--Not stated--> |website=usip.org |publisher=The United States Institute of Peace |access-date=December 22, 2024 |archive-date=November 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127192251/https://www.usip.org/about/leadership/board-directors |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Position
! Name
! Party 
! Assumed office
! Term expiration
|-
! Chair
| {{sortname|Judy|Ansley}}
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{dts|2011|05|26}}
| {{dts|2015|09|19}}
|-
! Vice chair
| {{sortname|Nancy|Zirkin}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{dts|2008|06|04}}
| {{dts|2011|01|19}}
|-
! Member
| [[Johnathan Burks]]
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{dts|2022|08|04}}
| {{dts|2026|08|04}}
|-
! Member
| {{sortname|Joseph L.|Falk}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{dts|2023|02|02}}
| {{dts|2027|02|02}}
|-
! Member
| {{sortname|Edward M.|Gabriel}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{dts|2022|08|04}}
| {{dts|2026|08|04}}
|-
! Member
| {{sortname|Kerry|Kennedy}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{dts|2008|06|04}}
| {{dts|2011|01|19}}
|-
! Member
| {{sortname|Michael|Singh}}
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{dts|2022|08|04}}
| {{dts|2026|08|04}}
|-
! Member
| {{sortname|John J.|Sullivan}}
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{dts|2024|05|02}}
| {{dts|2028|05|02}}
|-
! Member
| {{sortname|Mary|Swig}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{dts|2022|08|04}}
| {{dts|2026|08|04}}
|-
! Member
| {{sortname|Kathryn|Wheelbarger}}
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{dts|2022|08|04}}
| {{dts|2026|08|04}}
|-
! Member
| {{sortname|Roger|Zakheim}}
| {{party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{dts|2023|01|30}}
| {{dts|2027|01|30}}
|-
! Member
| ''Vacant''
| 
| 
| 
|-
! Member<br>''(ex officio)''
| {{sortname|Uzra|Zeya}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{dts|2021|07|14}}
| —
|-
! Member<br>''(ex officio)''
| {{sortname|Lloyd|Austin}}
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{dts|2021|01|22}}
| —
|-
! Member<br>''(ex officio)''
| {{sortname|Peter|Garvin}}
| {{party shading/Independent}} | Independent
| {{dts|2021|10|11}}
| —
|}

==Projects==

===PeaceTech Lab===
The PeaceTech Lab is a 501(c)(3) spun out of the United States Institute of Peace in 2014. It created the lab as a separate entity to further advance its core mission to prevent, mitigate, and reduce violent conflict around the world. The lab continues USIP's work developing technology and media tools for peacebuilding. In real terms, the lab brings together engineers, technologists, and data scientists from industry and academia, along with experts in peacebuilding from USIP, other government agencies, NGOs, and the conflict zones. These experts collaborate to design, develop, and deploy new and existing technology tools for conflict management and peacebuilding.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Peace Tech Lab: Areas of Focus|url=http://www.peacetechlab.org/areas-of-focus/|access-date=2015-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224102605/http://www.peacetechlab.org/areas-of-focus|archive-date=2014-12-24|url-status=dead}}</ref>

PeaceTech Lab CEO and founder Sheldon Himelfarb has proposed that an Intergovernmental Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) be established along the lines of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] to report on, among other things, how best to address the [[fake news]] crisis.<ref name="lawton-2021">{{cite journal
 | last1 = Lawton
 | first1 = Graham
 | title = We need to set up an international body to fight fake news
 | date = 5 June 2021
 | journal = New Scientist
 | issue = 3337
 | pages = 24
 | issn = 0262-4079
 | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25033370-100-we-need-to-set-up-an-international-body-to-fight-fake-news/
 | access-date = 2021-06-19
 | archive-date = 2021-06-14
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210614193430/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25033370-100-we-need-to-set-up-an-international-body-to-fight-fake-news/
 | url-status = live
 }}  Metadata for the hardcopy and web-based versions differ slightly.</ref>

===Convened tribes in Iraq===
In Iraq in 2007, USIP helped broker the initial peace agreement that is seen as the turning point in the war there. USIP experts were asked to assist the U.S. Army's [[10th Mountain Division]] in the reconciliation effort in [[Mahmoudiyah, Iraq|Mahmoudiya]], located in what was known as "the Triangle of Death" in Iraq's western [[Al Anbar Governorate]]. USIP was seen{{By whom|date=August 2017}} as a neutral player that was able to convene Sunni tribal leaders, Iraq's Shiite government leaders, and senior members of the U.S. military. Soon after the meeting, attacks and casualties declined significantly. The agreement led to a reduction of the U.S. military presence there from a brigade-level unit of about 3,500 soldiers to a battalion-level unit of about 650. General [[David Petraeus]], the senior commander in Iraq, noted that the turnabout was "striking". Petraeus also said that USIP "is a great asset in developing stronger [[unity of effort]] between civilian and military elements of government".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1673698,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724140820/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1673698,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 24, 2008 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|title=A Local Peace Accord: Cause for Hope? |first=Darrin |last=Mortenson |date=2007-10-19}}</ref>

===Iraq Study Group===
{{Main|Iraq Study Group}}
The U.S. government used USIP to help convene the bipartisan Iraq Study Group in 2006 that studied the conflict in Iraq and recommended ways forward. USIP facilitated the group's trip to Iraq and hosted several meetings of the group. According to USIP, the group's political neutrality made it an appropriate entity to host the group's sensitive deliberations. The effort was undertaken at the urging of several members of Congress with agreement of the White House. A final report was released to Congress, the White House, and the public on December 6, 2006.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.usip.org/programs/initiatives/iraq-study-group | work=U.S. Institute of Peace | title=The Iraq Study Group | access-date=2007-02-03 | archive-date=2010-06-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609013135/http://www.usip.org/programs/initiatives/iraq-study-group | url-status=dead }}</ref><!--SECONDARY SOURCE NEEDED HERE.-->

===Genocide Prevention Task Force===
In Fall 2008, U.S. Institute of Peace, the U.S. [[Holocaust Memorial Museum]], and the [[American Academy of Diplomacy]] jointly convened the [[Genocide Prevention Task Force]] to "spotlight genocide prevention as a national priority and to develop practical policy recommendations to enhance the capacity of the U.S. government to respond to emerging threats of genocide and mass atrocities".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.usip.org/programs/initiatives/genocide-prevention-task-force | work=U.S. Institute of Peace | title=Genocide Prevention Task Force | access-date=2011-08-03 | archive-date=2009-06-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627190716/http://www.usip.org/programs/initiatives/genocide-prevention-task-force | url-status=live }}</ref>

The 14-member task force,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.usip.org/genocide-prevention-task-force/members | work=U.S. Institute of Peace | title=Genocide Prevention Task Force | access-date=2011-08-03 | archive-date=2009-07-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715001651/http://www.usip.org/genocide-prevention-task-force/members | url-status=live }}</ref> co-chaired by former secretary of state [[Madeleine Albright]] and former defense secretary [[William Cohen]], outlined "a national blueprint to prevent genocide and mass atrocities".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/21/opinion/21albright.html | work=The New York Times | title=Never again, for real | date=2011-12-11 | access-date=2017-02-25 | archive-date=2021-01-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126203117/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/21/opinion/21albright.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2008, the task force released its report "Preventing Genocide: A Blueprint for U.S. Policymakers"<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://media.usip.org/reports/genocide_taskforce_report.pdf |publisher=Genocide Prevention Task Force |work=Genocide |date=December 8, 2008 |access-date=2011-08-03 |title=Preventing Genocide: A Blueprint for U.S. Policymakers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911040022/http://media.usip.org/reports/genocide_taskforce_report.pdf |archive-date=September 11, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> detailing its recommendations and guidelines. ''[[The Economist]]'' praised it as a "report steeped in good sense".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.economist.com/node/12773216?story_id=12773216 | newspaper=The Economist | title=Preventing genocide | date=2008-12-11 | access-date=2011-08-03 | archive-date=2016-08-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815055035/http://www.economist.com/node/12773216?story_id=12773216 | url-status=live }}</ref>

On August 4, 2011, U.S. president [[Barack Obama]] announced a proclamation suspending U.S. entry to individuals active in "serious human rights and humanitarian law violations"<ref>{{cite news |  url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/08/04/presidential-proclamation-suspension-entry-immigrants-and-nonimmigrants- |  work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |  title=Presidential Proclamation |  via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |  date=2011-08-04 |  access-date=2021-03-02 |  archive-date=2021-02-11 |  archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211052218/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/08/04/presidential-proclamation-suspension-entry-immigrants-and-nonimmigrants- |  url-status=live }}</ref> and called for the creation of an [[Atrocities Prevention Board]] to review, coordinate and develop an atrocity prevention and response policy, and incorporate recommendations provided by the Genocide Prevention Task Force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/|title=Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies|website=Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies|access-date=28 August 2017|archive-date=17 July 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020717155627/http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Preventing electoral violence in Sudan===
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2023}}
Ahead of [[Sudan]]'s April 2010 [[Sudanese general election, 2010|national elections]] (the first since 1986) and January 2011 [[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011|South Sudanese independence referendum]], USIP staff traveled to some of the more unstable regions to help prepare people for the elections.{{fact|date=December 2024}}

===''The Iran Primer''===
''The Iran Primer: Power, Politics, and U.S. Policy'' was in 2016 a "concise overview of [[Iran]]'s politics, economy, military, foreign policy, and nuclear program". It convened 50 experts to discuss Iran's evolving relationship with the West and "chronicles [[Iran–United States relations|U.S.-Iran relations]] under six American presidents and probef five options for dealing with Iran". ''The Iran Primer'' was edited by USIP staff member [[Robin Wright (author)|Robin Wright]].<ref>[http://www.usip.org/publications/the-iran-primer ''The Iran Primer: Power, Politics, and U.S. Policy''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903091332/http://www.usip.org/publications/the-iran-primer |date=2016-09-03 }}. United States Institute of Peace.</ref><!--SECONDARY SOURCE NEEDED HERE.-->

===Women Building Peace Awards===
In 2020 the Institute first organised the Women Building Peace Awards. The first four winners were [[Rita Martin Lopidia]] of South Sudan, peace coordinator Josephine Ekiru from Kenya in 2021, María Eugenia Mosquera Riascos of Colombia in 2022<ref name=usipawards>{{Cite web |title=Previous Women Building Peace Award Laureates and Finalists |url=https://www.usip.org/previous-women-building-peace-award-laureates-and-finalists |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=United States Institute of Peace |language=en}}</ref> and in 2023 the winner was [[Petronille Vaweka|Pétronille Vaweka]] from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Finalists in the contest have included [[Marie-Marcelle Deschamps]] from Haiti, Jayne W. Waithitu,disability rights activist [[Hamisa Zaja]] from Kenya<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arudo |first=Otieno |date=2024-03-08 |title=Kenyan Activist Hamisa Zaja Honored with Prestigious International Women Building Peace Award |url=https://www.kenyanvibe.com/kenyan-activist-hamisa-zaja-honored-with-2024-international-women-building-peace-award/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=KenyanVibe |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Irene Santiago]] from the Philippines.<ref name=usipawards/>

===Additional work===
{{more citations needed|section|date=March 2017}}<!--SECONDARY SOURCES NEEDED HERE.-->
* Worked with community leaders to build peace neighborhood-by-neighborhood in Iraq
* Working with tribal chiefs, educator, and civil society leaders in support of peacemaking in Sudan
* Training hundreds of young Nigerian religious leaders, women, and youth from all over the country to be peacemakers; and helping bring peace to large parts of [[Plateau State]]
* Strengthening the peacemaking capacity of religious leaders and faith-based organizations through research, technical assistance, facilitated dialogues, and operational support
* Helping establish the rule of law, a fundamental building block to peace in Afghanistan, Iraq, Liberia, Palestine, and Nepal in addition to other security sector reform initiatives.
* Producing educational resources such as a book series on cultural negotiation, textbooks on [[conflict management]], and online training<ref>{{cite web | url = http://bookstore.usip.org/books/SeriesDetail.aspx?ID=287&sort=datedesc | title = Cross-Cultural Negotiation Books | publisher = United States Institute of Peace | access-date = 4 October 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130131234507/http://bookstore.usip.org/books/seriesdetail.aspx?ID=287&sort=datedesc | archive-date = 2013-01-31 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
**General reference
***'' The Diplomat's Dictionary ''
***''Negotiating across Cultures: International Communication in an Interdependent World''
***''Arts of Power: Statecraft and Diplomacy''
***''Culture and Conflict Resolution''
**Country-specific
***''How Pakistan Negotiates with the United States: Riding the Roller Coaster''
***''American Negotiating Behavior: Wheeler-Dealers, Legal Eagles, Bullies, and Preachers''
***''Negotiating with Iran: Wrestling the Ghosts of History''
***''How Israelis and Palestinians Negotiate: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Oslo Peace Process''
***''French Negotiating Behavior: Dealing with La Grande Nation '' 	
***''How Germans Negotiate: Logical Goals, Practical Solutions''
***''Case Studies in Japanese Negotiating Behavior''
***''Negotiating on the Edge: North Korean Negotiating Behavior''
***''Chinese Negotiating Behavior: Pursuing Interests Through 'Old Friends' ''	
***''Russian Negotiating Behavior: Continuity and Transition''

The institute has also served U.S. government officials and policymakers.

* Facilitating the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, Genocide Prevention Task Force, and the bipartisan Iraq Study Group
* Leading a Congress-mandated, bipartisan task force on [[United Nations reform]]
* Developing a proposal for a comprehensive settlement of the [[Korean War]], which was drawn upon by U.S. government officials in preparation for the [[Six-party talks]]
* Conducting a study of the U.S. government's state-building capacity that contributed to the creation of the [[Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations|Office of Reconstruction and Stabilization]] (ORS) in the State Department

==Headquarters==
[[File:USIP headquarters.jpg|thumb|[[United States Institute of Peace Headquarters|United States Institute of Peace headquarters]] in Washington, D.C.]]
{{Main|United States Institute of Peace Headquarters}}
In March 2011, USIP moved into its [[United States Institute of Peace Headquarters|permanent headquarters]] facility at the northwest corner of the [[National Mall]] in Washington, D.C. Designed by [[Moshe Safdie]] Architects and [[Buro Happold]], the [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]]-certified building aims to serve as a symbol of America's commitment to peacebuilding. The building houses offices and staff support facilities, a library, a conference center, auditorium, classrooms, and a public education center.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/realestate/at-us-institute-of-peace-buildings-provocative-design-doesnt-entirely-succeed/2012/02/21/gIQADOxOYR_story.html | newspaper=The Washington Post | title=At U.S. Institute of Peace, building's provocative design doesn't entirely succeed | first=Roger | last=Lewis | date=2012-02-24 | access-date=2017-09-17 | archive-date=2014-11-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103113338/http://www.washingtonpost.com/realestate/at-us-institute-of-peace-buildings-provocative-design-doesnt-entirely-succeed/2012/02/21/gIQADOxOYR_story.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Officials broke ground for the new headquarters in June 2008 at a ceremony that included President [[George W. Bush]], Senate majority leader [[Harry Reid]], and Speaker of the House [[Nancy Pelosi]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/05/AR2008060502545.html | newspaper=The Washington Post | title=At Peace Institute Groundbreaking, War Dominates the Proceedings | first=Michael | last=Abramowitz | date=2008-06-06 | access-date=2017-09-17 | archive-date=2014-11-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103100140/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/05/AR2008060502545.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Publications==
<!-- the article [[Coercive diplomacy]] links here -->
USIP publishes a variety of topical newsletters, briefs, reports, guides, studies, testimony, and books related to peacebuilding and conflict management topics. It also maintains digital collections of peace agreements, [[oral histories]], and information about [[truth commission]]s. The USIP headquarters is home to a public library that houses a collection of items related to peacebuilding, conflict management, and diplomacy. Its materials can be used on-site or requested through interlibrary loan.<ref>[http://www.usip.org/publications-tools/usip-library "Library"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013231745/https://www.usip.org/publications-tools/usip-library |date=2020-10-13 }}. United States Institute of Peace.</ref><!--SECONDARY SOURCES NEEDED HERE.-->

In an interview with the politically progressive<ref>{{cite web |title=Truthout.org |url=https://www.c-span.org/organization/?117860/Truthoutorg |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] |access-date=2022-06-03 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301134739/https://www.c-span.org/organization/?117860%2FTruthoutorg |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About Truthout |url=https://truthout.org/about/ |access-date=2019-04-14 |archive-date=2008-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524205938/https://truthout.org/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> news website [[Truthout]], [[Noam Chomsky]] described USIP's decision to release the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]]'s 2018 [[National Military Strategy|National Defense Strategy]] on its website as a case where "lacking a sense of irony, the bureaucracy is quite happy to caricature Orwell."<ref name="Polychroniou2018">{{cite news |last1=Polychroniou |first1=CJ |title=Noam Chomsky: Moral Depravity Defines US Politics |url=https://truthout.org/articles/noam-chomsky-moral-depravity-defines-us-politics/ |access-date=27 November 2018 |work=[[Truthout]] |date=21 November 2018 |archive-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127193517/https://truthout.org/articles/noam-chomsky-moral-depravity-defines-us-politics/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations]]
* [[Department of Peace]]
* [[List of peace activists]]
* [[Ohio Northern University, Pettit College of Law|ONU Law Rule of Law LL.M. Program]]
* [[Pacifism in the United States]]
* [[Justice Call]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|United States Institute of Peace}}
* {{Official website|http://www.usip.org}}
* [http://buildingpeace.org USIP's Global Peacebuilding Center]

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[[Category:1984 establishments in the United States]]
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[[Category:Government agencies in the United States]]
[[Category:Moshe Safdie buildings]]
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[[Category:Organizations based in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Peace and conflict studies]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1984]]