View source for Disinformation Governance Board

{{Short description|Board of the United States Department of Homeland Security}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2022}}{{Use American English|date=November 2024}}

{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name     = Disinformation Governance Board
| type            = board
| nativename      = 
| nativename_a    = 
| nativename_r    = 
| logo            = 
| logo_width      = 
| logo_caption    = 
| seal            = Seal of the United States Department of Homeland Security.svg
| seal_width      = 150px
| seal_caption    = 
| formed          = {{Start date and age|2022|4|27}}
| preceding1      = 
| preceding2      = 
| dissolved       = {{End date and age|2022|8|24}}
| superseding     = 
| jurisdiction    = United States
| headquarters    = DHS [[Nebraska Avenue Complex]], [[Washington, D.C.]]
| employees       = 
| budget          = 
| chief1_name     = <!--Vacant-->
| chief1_position = <!--Executive Director Commenting this out to make the formatting nicer-->
| chief2_name     = 
| chief2_position = 
| parent_agency   = [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]]
| parent_agency_type = department
| child1_agency   = 
| child2_agency   = 
| website         = {{URL|https://dhs.gov/publication/disinformation-governance-board}}
}}
The '''Disinformation Governance Board''' ('''DGB''') was an [[advisory board]] of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS), from April 27, 2022 to August 24, 2022. The board's stated function was to protect national security by disseminating guidance to DHS agencies on combating [[misinformation]], [[malinformation]], and [[disinformation]] that threatens the security of the homeland. Specific problem areas mentioned by the DHS included false information propagated by [[Coyote (person)|human smugglers]] encouraging migrants to surge to the [[Mexico–United States border]], as well as Russian-state disinformation on election interference and the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref name="Seitz">{{cite news |last=Seitz |first=Amanda |date=28 April 2022 |title=Disinformation board to tackle Russia, migrant smugglers |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-immigration-media-europe-misinformation-4e873389889bb1d9e2ad8659d9975e9d |work=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="NYT" /><ref name="dgb-pause"/>

On May 18, 2022, the board and its working groups were "paused" pending review, after constitutional issues were raised. Board head [[Nina Jankowicz]] resigned as result of public backlash.<ref name="dgb-pause">{{cite news|title=How the Biden administration let right-wing attacks derail its disinformation efforts|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/05/18/disinformation-board-dhs-nina-jankowicz/|first=Taylor|last=Lorenz|date=May 18, 2022|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=May 18, 2022|author-link=Taylor Lorenz}}</ref><ref name="Hart-Intelligencer">{{cite web |last1=Hart |first1=Benjamin |title=Poorly Conceived Biden Disinformation Board Put on Pause |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/05/poorly-conceived-biden-disinformation-board-put-on-pause.html |website=[[Intelligencer (website)|Intelligencer]] |publisher=[[New York Magazine]] |language=en-us |date=18 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.fox19.com/2022/05/18/ap-sources-dhs-will-pause-disinformation-board/ |title= New 'disinformation' board paused amid free speech questions |website=Fox19 Now |date=May 19, 2022 |access-date=May 19, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Reason-18-05-22" /> On August 24, 2022, Department of Homeland Security Secretary [[Alejandro Mayorkas]] disbanded the board.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sands |first=Geneva |date=August 25, 2022 |title=DHS shuts down disinformation board months after its efforts were paused |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/24/politics/dhs-disinformation-board-shut-down/index.html |website=CNN}}</ref>

==Background==
The Disinformation Governance Board was announced and revealed to the public by the DHS on April 27, 2022, during a 2023 budget hearing before the [[United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security]].<ref name="Seitz" /> The board had begun operating two months prior to the announcement. The DHS had decided to form the board in 2021 after conducting research that recommended creating a group to "review questions of privacy and civil liberty for online content".<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last1=Myers |first1=Steven Lee |last2=Kanno-Youngs |first2=Zolan |author-link2=Zolan Kanno-Youngs |date=2 May 2022 |title=Partisan Fight Breaks Out Over New Disinformation Board |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/02/technology/partisan-dhs-disinformation-board.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref> [[White House Press Secretary]] [[Jen Psaki]] said that the board is the "continuation of work that began in the DHS in 2020 under former President [[Donald Trump|Trump]]".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Willis |first=Haisten |date=April 29, 2022 |title=DHS disinformation board is continuation of Trump effort, White House says |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/dhs-disinformation-board-is-continuation-of-trump-effort-white-house-says |magazine=[[Washington Examiner]] |access-date=May 2, 2022}}</ref> The [[Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency]] has previously addressed the spread of what they referred to as "mis-, dis-, and [[malinformation]]", as well as addressing [[Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections|Russian disinformation]] as part of their election security efforts in 2020.<ref name="Blake" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Waldman |first1=Arielle |title=CISA: No election hacking, but plenty of misinformation |url=https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/news/252491788/CISA-No-election-hacking-but-plenty-of-misinformation |access-date=11 May 2022 |work=SearchSecurity |language=en}}</ref> CISA director [[Chris Krebs]] was fired by President Trump in November 2020 for refuting [[Big lie#Donald Trump's false claims of a stolen election|Trump's false claims of election fraud]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Derek B. |title=DHS board reignites debate on proper role of feds when fighting disinformation |url=https://www.scmagazine.com/analysis/critical-infrastructure/dhs-board-reignites-debate-on-proper-role-of-feds-when-fighting-disinformation |website=www.scmagazine.com |access-date=19 May 2022 |language=en |date=5 May 2022}}</ref>

After the board was announced, [[Nina Jankowicz]] was named executive director. She was previously a fellow at the [[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars|Wilson Center]], advised the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine)|Ukrainian Foreign Ministry]] as part of the Fulbright Public Policy Fellowship, oversaw Russia and Belarus programs at the [[National Democratic Institute]], and wrote the book ''How to Lose the Information War: Russia, Fake News, and the Future of Conflict''.<ref name="HSToday">{{cite magazine |last=Johnson |first=Bridget |date=27 April 2022 |title=DHS Standing Up Disinformation Governance Board Led by Information Warfare Expert |url=https://www.hstoday.us/federal-pages/dhs/dhs-standing-up-disinformation-governance-board-led-by-information-warfare-expert/ |magazine=Homeland Security Today|access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nina Jankowicz |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/nina-jankowicz |website=wilsoncenter.org |publisher=[[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars]]|access-date=2022-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Daniels|first1=Eugene |last2=Bade|first2=Rachael |author-link2=Rachael Bade |last3=Lizza|first3=Ryan |author-link3=Ryan Lizza|date=2022-04-27 |title=POLITICO Playbook: Fauci pulls out of WHCD. Is Biden next? |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2022/04/27/fauci-pulls-out-of-whcd-is-biden-next-00028131|work=[[Politico]] |access-date=2022-04-29}}</ref> [[Robert P. Silvers]] and [[Jennifer Daskal]] were also named to hold leadership positions on the board.<ref name="HSToday" /> On May 18, Jankowicz resigned from her role as executive director.<ref name="dgb-pause" />

==Function==
[[Alejandro Mayorkas]], the [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|Secretary of Homeland Security]], stated that the board would have no operational authority or capability but would collect [[best practice]]s for dissemination to DHS organizations already tasked with defending against disinformation threats,<ref name="Hooper">{{cite news |last=Hooper |first=Kelly |date=1 May 2022 |title=Mayorkas cites misinformation about Homeland Security's disinformation board |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/01/mayorkas-defends-dhs-disinformation-board-00029182 |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref> and asserted the board would not monitor American citizens.<ref name="MayorkasCNN">{{cite AV media |title=Mayorkas: Disinformation board won't monitor American citizens |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/politics/2022/05/01/mayorkas-on-disinformation-board.cnn |publisher=CNN |date=May 1, 2022 |access-date= May 2, 2022}}</ref> John Cohen, the former acting head of the intelligence branch of the DHS, said that the board would study policy questions, best practices, and academic research on disinformation, and then submit guidance to the DHS secretary on how different DHS agencies should conduct analysis of online content.<ref name="NYT" />

On May 2, 2022, the DHS released a statement which said that the board would monitor disinformation spread by "foreign states such as Russia, China, and Iran" and "transnational criminal organizations and human smuggling organizations", and disinformation spread during [[natural disaster]]s (listing as an example misinformation spread about the safety of drinking water during [[Hurricane Sandy]]). The DHS added that "The Department is deeply committed to doing all of its work in a way that protects Americans' freedom of speech, civil rights, civil liberties, and privacy."<ref name="NYT"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Fact Sheet: DHS Internal Working Group Protects Free Speech and Other Fundamental Rights When Addressing Disinformation That Threatens the Security of the United States |url=https://www.dhs.gov/news/2022/05/02/fact-sheet-dhs-internal-working-group-protects-free-speech-other-fundamental-rights |website=dhs.gov |publisher=[[United States Department of Homeland Security]] |date=2 May 2022 |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>

On May 9, 2022, the DGB announced that it would provide quarterly reports to the [[United States Congress]].<ref name="Seitz_Merchant_5/4/2022">{{Cite web |last1=Seitz |first1=Amanda |last2=Merchant |first2=Nomaan |date=May 4, 2022 |title=DHS disinformation board's work, plans remain a mystery |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-united-states-freedom-of-speech-alejandro-mayorkas-69f658351103d4d049083ad20a713e2a |access-date=May 13, 2022 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Criticism==
The [[Associated Press]] noted that the "little credible information about the new Disinformation Governance Board" made it "an instant target for criticism", leading to a "bungled rollout" and "rocky start" for the board.<ref name="Seitz_Merchant_5/4/2022" /> [[Taylor Lorenz]], writing for ''[[The Washington Post]]'', described the board as falling victim to "a textbook disinformation campaign" about their mission, to which it failed to respond adequately.<ref name="dgb-pause"/> ''[[The American Conservative]]'' called the board "a cautionary note on how dangerously out of touch Washington is."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hirschauer |first=John |date=2022-07-09 |title=They Don't Trust Us; We Don't Trust Them |url=https://www.theamericanconservative.com/they-dont-trust-us-we-dont-trust-them/ |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=[[The American Conservative]] |language=en-US}}</ref> 

[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] lawmakers and pundits quickly criticized the board after it was announced, with some calling for it to be disbanded. Senator [[Josh Hawley]] (R-[[Missouri|MO]]) said that "Homeland Security has decided to make policing Americans' speech its top priority".<ref name="Seitz" /> Senator [[Mitt Romney]] (R-[[Utah|UT]]) called the board a "terrible idea" that "communicates to the world that we're going to be spreading propaganda in our own country", arguing that it should be disbanded.<ref name="Seitz_Merchant_5/4/2022" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sganga |first=Nicole |date=2022-05-06 |title=What is DHS' Disinformation Governance Board and why is everyone so mad about it? |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-is-dhs-disinformation-governance-board-and-why-is-everyone-so-mad-about-it/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Some critics, including [[Florida]] governor [[Ron DeSantis]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Getahun |first=Hannah |date=2022-04-30 |title=DeSantis calls DHS Disinformation Governance Board a 'belated April Fool's joke' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/desantis-calls-dhs-disinformation-board-an-april-fools-joke-2022-4 |website=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=2022-04-30}}</ref> and former [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] representative for [[Hawaii]] [[Tulsi Gabbard]], compared the board to the [[Ministry of Truth]], from [[George Orwell]]'s dystopian novel ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]''.<ref name="Blake" /><ref name="Hooper" /> [[Federal Communications Commission]] commissioner [[Brendan Carr (lawyer)|Brendan Carr]] called the board "[[Orwellian]]", "un-American" and "unconstitutional."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaplan |first=Talia |date=2022-05-09 |title=FCC commissioner says Biden's 'disinformation board' is 'unconstitutional' |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/fcc-commissioner-blasts-bidens-disinformation-board-as-orwellian-and-un-american |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=FOXBusiness |language=en-US}}</ref> Representatives [[Mike Turner]] (R-OH) and [[John Katko]] (R-NY) wrote that "Given the complete lack of information about this new initiative and the potential serious consequences of a government entity identifying and responding to 'disinformation,' we have serious concerns about the activities of this new Board".<ref name="Seitz_Merchant_5/4/2022" /> 

Republicans and conservatives also criticized the appointment of Jankowicz as head of the board, citing her past support of Democrats, her negative response to [[Elon Musk's purchase of Twitter]], and her skepticism of the provenance of [[Hunter Biden laptop controversy|Hunter Biden's laptop]]; Jankowicz had previously said that "we should view [the laptop] as a Trump campaign product".<ref name="Blake">{{cite news |last=Blake |first=Aaron |date=April 29, 2022 |title=The tempest over DHS's Disinformation Governance Board|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/04/29/disinformation-governance-board-dhs/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=May 2, 2022}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The ''[[Washington Examiner]]'' levied criticism against Jankowicz due to her praise of [[Christopher Steele]] (author of the controversial [[Steele dossier]], which the ''Examiner'' deemed "discredited") for his views on disinformation during an August 2020 podcast.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Dunleavy |first=Jerry |date=2022-04-28 |title=Biden 'disinformation' chief a Trump dossier author fan and Hunter Biden laptop doubter |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/bidens-disinformation-chief-is-trump-dossier-author-fan-and-hunter-laptop-doubter |magazine=[[Washington Examiner]] |access-date=2022-04-30}}</ref> Writing for ''[[National Review]]'', [[Jim Geraghty]] lauded the board's potential to dispel information disseminated by human smugglers on the southern border, as well as monitoring messages from terrorist and extremist groups, but objected to Jankowicz's appointment.<ref name="Blake" /><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Geraghty |first=Jim |author-link=Jim Geraghty |date=2022-04-28 |title=Are You Ready for the DHS 'Disinformation Governance Board'? |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/are-you-ready-for-the-dhs-disinformation-governance-board/ |magazine=[[National Review]] |access-date=2022-04-30}}</ref> In a press conference, Jen Psaki defended Jankowicz's appointment to the board, calling her "an expert on online disinformation... a person with extensive qualifications".<ref>{{cite news |last=Sunnucks |first=Mike |date=29 April 2022 |title=Ministry of Truth or needed social media watchdog? Biden's Disinformation Governance Board |url=https://www.heraldandnews.com/news/nation_world/ministry-of-truth-or-needed-social-media-watchdog-bidens-disinformation-governance-board/article_198db1a7-0f5e-52e1-84d6-bafee7c8d1c2.html |work=[[Herald and News]] |access-date=1 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Press Briefing by Press Secretary Jen Psaki, April 29, 2022 |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2022/04/29/press-briefing-by-press-secretary-jen-psaki-april-29-2022/ |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |date=29 April 2022 |access-date=1 May 2022}}</ref> In response, Jankowicz said that at least one of her tweets was "taken out of context".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-29 |title=Meet Nina Jankowicz, Biden's New Disinformation Czar |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/meet-nina-jankowicz-bidens-new-disinformation-czar/ |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=National Review |language=en-US}}</ref>

DHS secretary Alejandro Mayorkas later acknowledged his department could have done a better job of communicating the purpose of the new board, but asserted the Republican criticisms were "precisely the opposite" of what it would do. He stated that the board would have no operational authority or capability and would not monitor American citizens.<ref name="MayorkasCNN" /> On May 3, 2022, Mayorkas appeared before the [[United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security|Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Homeland Security]], and responded to criticism the board received from Republican lawmakers. He vowed to work on building greater public trust in the board, and said that "The Department of Homeland Security is not going to be the truth police. That is the farthest thing from the truth. We protect the security of the homeland."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barr |first1=Luke |last2=Owen |first2=Quinn |date=6 May 2022 |title=DHS plays defense over Disinformation Governance Board |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/dhs-plays-defense-disinformation-governance-board/story?id=84520182 |work=ABC News |access-date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="VOA">{{cite news |last=Garver |first=Rob |date=5 May 2022 |title=US Homeland Security's 'Disinformation Governance Board' Assailed by Lawmakers |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/homeland-security-s-disinformation-governance-board-assailed-by-lawmakers-/6557453.html |work=[[Voice of America]] |access-date=6 May 2022}}</ref>

Other criticism came from [[Progressivism|progressive]] and [[civil libertarian]] voices;<ref name="Hart-Intelligencer"/><ref name="Reason-18-05-22">{{cite web |last1=Soave |first1=Robby |author1-link=Robby Soave |title=Nina Jankowicz's Faulty Record, Not Her Critics, Doomed the Disinformation Board |url=https://reason.com/2022/05/18/disinformation-board-nina-jankowicz-taylor-lorenz-pause-dhs/ |website=[[Reason.com]] |date=18 May 2022}}</ref> Benjamin Hart, writing in ''[[New York (magazine)|New York Magazine]]''<nowiki/>'s [[Intelligencer (website)|Intelligencer]], said that "presenting anyone from the government as an arbiter of truth in 2022 — much less defining 'disinformation' in a way that more than 40 percent of the population would agree with — seemed doomed from the get-go."<ref name="Hart-Intelligencer" /> Lev Golinkin, writing in the progressive magazine ''[[The Nation]],'' highlighted Jankowicz's previous association with the fact-checking organization [[StopFake]], which Golinkin accused of defending the Ukrainian [[Azov Battalion]] and [[S14 (Ukrainian group)|S14]] groups, the latter of which is known for its violent attacks against [[Romani people in Ukraine|Romani people]].<ref name="Golinkin">{{cite web |last1=Golinkin |first1=Lev |title=Meet the Head of Biden's New "Disinformation Governing Board" |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/meet-the-head-of-bidens-new-disinformation-governing-board/ |website=[[The Nation]] |date=12 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Troianovski |first1=Anton |title=Fighting False News in Ukraine, Facebook Fact Checkers Tread a Blurry Line |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/26/world/europe/ukraine-facebook-fake-news.html |work=The New York Times |date=26 July 2020}}</ref> Progressive news organizations [[Common Dreams]] and [[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting]] (FAIR) criticized mainstream media coverage of the board, saying that it ignored [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] criticism of the board and past [[human rights]] abuses and violence by the DHS and other agencies under the DHS, including violence against [[Immigration|immigrants]], [[Muslims]], [[Black Lives Matter]] protestors, and other activists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tveten |first=Julianne |date=2022-05-15 |title=Corporate Media Ignore Left Critiques of Government's New 'Disinformation' Board |url=https://www.commondreams.org/views/2022/05/15/corporate-media-ignore-left-critiques-governments-new-disinformation-board |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=[[Common Dreams]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tveten |first=Julianne |date=2022-05-13 |title=Media Ignore Criticism of DHS's New 'Disinformation' Board—Unless it's from the Right |url=https://fair.org/home/media-ignore-criticism-of-dhss-new-disinformation-board-unless-its-from-the-right/ |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=[[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting|FAIR]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Joe Lancaster, editor of the libertarian magazine ''[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]'', called the board a potential threat to [[Freedom of speech|free speech]], and also highlighted Jankowicz's comments regarding the Biden laptop story.<ref name="Lancaster-Reason">{{cite news |last1=Lancaster |first1=Joe |title=New DHS Board Seeks To Counter What It Thinks Is Disinformation |url=https://reason.com/2022/04/29/new-dhs-board-seeks-to-counter-what-it-thinks-is-disinformation/ |work=[[Reason.com|Reason]] |date=29 April 2022}}</ref> [[Techdirt]] argued that "The biggest problem with [the board] is that it is impossible, right now, to even know whether it's a good idea or not, because it is so unclear what this board is intended to do." and that "its name does not inspire confidence."<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gellis |first1=Cathy |last2=Masnick |first2=Mike |date=2022-04-29 |title=White House Sets Up Monumentally Stupidly Named 'Disinformation Governance Board' |url=https://www.techdirt.com/2022/04/29/white-house-sets-up-monumentally-stupidly-named-disinformation-governance-board/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=[[Techdirt]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Ayaan Hirsi Ali]] of ''[[UnHerd]]'' compared the board to [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s [[Sedition Act of 1918]], which convicted 877 people who dissented against the U.S. government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Ayaan Hirsi |date=2022-05-09 |title=The desperation of Biden's Disinformation Board |url=https://unherd.com/2022/05/the-desperation-of-bidens-disinformation-board/ |access-date=2022-10-31 |website=[[UnHerd]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kevin Goldberg, a specialist in the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] at the non-partisan [[Freedom Forum]], said that it was "wrong and concerning" that a government agency with enforcement powers created in response to [[9/11]] would become involved in decisions surrounding speech.<ref name="VOA"/>

==See also==
* [[Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act|Global Engagement Center]], a State Department agency tasked with countering foreign propaganda that threatens U.S. national security interests

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ia/ia_combatting-targeted-disinformation-campaigns.pdf "Combatting Targeted Disinformation Campaigns", a 2019 report by the DHS]

{{United States Department of Homeland Security}}
{{Russian invasion of Ukraine}}
{{subject bar|portal1=Freedom of speech|q=y}}

[[Category:2022 establishments in the United States]]
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[[Category:Biden administration controversies]]
[[Category:Disinformation]]
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[[Category:United States Department of Homeland Security agencies]]
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