View source for Civil Air Patrol

{{Short description|Civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force}}
{{distinguish|Civil Reserve Air Fleet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name                     = Civil Air Patrol
| image                         = {{ubl|[[File:Seal of the United States Civil Air Patrol.svg|frameless]]|Seal of the Civil Air Patrol|[[File:Civil Air Patrol 2022 logo.svg|frameless]]|Logo of the Civil Air Patrol}}
| caption                       = 
| start_date                    = {{Start date and age|1941|12|01|df=yes}}
| country                       = {{Flagu|United States|size=23px}}
| branch                        = {{Air force|United States|size=23px}}
| type                          = [[auxiliaries|Civilian auxiliary]]
| role                          = {{plainlist|
* [[Search and rescue]]
* [[emergency management|Disaster relief]]
* [[Aerospace]] education
* [[Cadet]] programs}}
| size                          = {{plainlist|
* 65,000 volunteers<ref>{{cite web |title=2023 Report to Congress |date=31 Dec 2023 |url=https://www.cap.news/report-to-congress/ |website=GoCivilAirPatrol |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |access-date=12 Mar 2024}}</ref>
* 560 light aircraft<ref name=CAPabilities/>
* over 1000 ground vehicles<ref name=CAPabilities>{{cite report |title=CAPabilities_Brochure Feb 13 |date=30 January 2021 |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/programs/emergency-services/capabilities-handbooks-briefing |publisher=Civil Air Patrol}}</ref>}}
| garrison                      = [[Maxwell Air Force Base]] <br /> [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]], [[Alabama]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| garrison_label                = Headquarters
| motto                         = ''[[Semper Vigilans]]'' <br /> Always Vigilant
| march                         = "The C.A.P. Is on the Go"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://capnhq.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1730 |title=CAP Song and CAP March |work=CAP Knowledgebase |date=1 September 2011 |access-date=14 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122085630/http://capnhq.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1730 |archive-date=22 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| battles                       = [[File:World War II - American Campaign Streamer (Plain).png|200px]]<br>[[Battle of the Atlantic|Antisubmarine]], [[World War II]]
| anniversaries                 = 1 December
| decorations                   = 
| website                       = {{URL|gocivilairpatrol.com}}
| commander1                    = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the National Commander of the Civil Air Patrol.svg|size=23px}} [[Major general (United States)|Maj Gen]] Regena Aye
| commander1_label              = [[National Commander of the Civil Air Patrol|National Commander]]
| commander2                    = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the National Vice Commander of the Civil Air Patrol.svg|size=23px}} [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brig Gen]] R. Jason Bailey
| commander2_label              = National Deputy Commander
| commander3                    = [[File:CAP Chief Master Sergeant.png|15px]] [[Chief Master Sergeant|CMSgt]] Todd H. Parsons
| commander3_label              = National Command Chief
| command_structure             = [[File:1st Air Force.png|23px]] [[First Air Force]] <br /> [[File:ACC Shield.svg|23px]] [[Air Combat Command]]
<!-- Insignia -->| identification_symbol         = [[File:Flag of the United States Civil Air Patrol.svg|border|100px]]
| identification_symbol_label   = Flag
| identification_symbol_2       = [[File:Roundel of the United States– Civil Air Patrol.svg|100px]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = [[Roundel]]
| identification_symbol_3       = [[File:Civil Air Patrol US.svg|100px]]
| identification_symbol_3_label = Command Emblem
<!-- Aircraft -->| aircraft_general              = {{plainlist|
* '''Powered''': [[Cessna 172]], [[Cessna 182]], [[Cessna 206]], [[Maule M-7|MT-7-235]], [[de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver|de Havilland L-20]], [[GippsAero GA8 Airvan|GippsAero GA8]]
* '''Unpowered''': [[LET L-23 Super Blaník|LET L-23]], [[Schweizer SGS 2-33]], [[Schweizer SGU 2-22]], [[Schleicher ASK 21]]}}
}}

'''Civil Air Patrol''' ('''CAP''') is a [[Congressional charter|congressionally chartered]], federally supported [[Nonprofit corporation|non-profit corporation]] that serves as the official [[civilian]] [[auxiliaries|auxiliary]] of the [[United States Air Force]] (USAF).<ref name="CAPfactsheet" /> CAP is a volunteer organization with an aviation-minded membership that includes members from all backgrounds. The program is established as an organization by [[Title 10 of the United States Code]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/usc.cgi?ACTION=BROWSE&TITLE=10USCSD |title=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=13 February 2012 |date=23 December 2008}}</ref> and its purposes defined by [[Title 36 of the United States Code|Title 36]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/usc.cgi?ACTION=BROWSE&TITLE=36USCSII |title=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=13 February 2012 |date=23 December 2008}}</ref>

Membership in the organization consists of cadets ranging from 12 to just under 21 years of age, and senior members 18 years of age and up. These two groups each have the opportunity to participate in a wide variety of pursuits; the cadet program contributes to the development of the former group with a structured syllabus and an organization based upon United States Air Force ranks, while the older members serve as instructors, supervisors, and operators. Most members wear [[uniform]]s while performing their duties. However, there is a category of Aerospace Education Member available to educators and these AEMs do not wear uniforms or attend meetings, but take advantage of professionally generated textbooks, lesson plans and other CAP-provided resources, in their capacity as educators.

Nationwide, CAP is a major operator of single-engine [[general aviation]] [[aircraft]] used in the execution of its various missions, including orientation flights for cadets and the provision of significant emergency services capabilities. Because of these extensive flying opportunities, many CAP members become licensed [[Aviator|pilots]].

The hierarchical and military auxiliary organization is headed by the National Headquarters (with authority over the national organization) followed by eight regional commands and 52 wings (each of the 50 states plus [[Washington, D.C.]], and [[Puerto Rico]]). Each wing supervises the individual groups and squadrons that comprise the basic operational unit of the organization.<ref>{{cite web |last=National Headquarters Civil Air Patrol |date=13 January 2020 |title=Organization of Civil Air Patrol |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/R_301_with_ICL_2007_Incorporated_DE257BAA42856.pdf |access-date=27 Mar 2022 |website=Indexes, Regulations and Manuals}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|History of the Civil Air Patrol}}

Civil Air Patrol was conceived in the late 1930s by aviation advocate [[Gill Robb Wilson]], who foresaw general aviation's potential to supplement America's military operations. With the help of New York Mayor [[Fiorello H. LaGuardia]], in his capacity as then-Director of the [[Office of Civilian Defense]], CAP was created with [[s:Administrative Order 9|Administrative Order 9]], signed by LaGuardia on 1 December 1941 and published 8 December 1941. Civil Air Patrol had 90 days to prove itself to Congress. Major General [[John F. Curry]] was appointed as the first national commander.<ref name="CAPP50-5">{{cite book |url=http://www.capmembers.com/media/cms/u_082503081737.pdf |title=Introduction to Civil Air Patrol |publisher=National Headquarters Civil Air Patrol |location=Maxwell AFB |date=1 August 2002 |id=CAP Pamphlet 50-5 |access-date=6 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824165333/http://www.capmembers.com/media/cms/u_082503081737.pdf |archive-date=24 August 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Texas oilman [[David Harold Byrd]] was a co-founder of CAP.<ref name=TSHA01>{{cite web |last=Palmer |first=Jerrell Dean |title=Byrd, David Harold |url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fby13 |series=The Handbook of Texas |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=14 April 2014}}</ref>

During World War II, CAP was seen as a way to use America's civilian aviation resources to aid the war effort instead of grounding them. The organization assumed many missions, including [[anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine patrol and warfare]], [[border guard|border patrols]], and [[courier]] services. CAP's coastal patrol reportedly flew 24 million miles and sighted 173 enemy [[U-boat]]s, dropping a total of 82 bombs and depth charges during the conflict.<ref name="APHist2019">{{cite journal |url=http://www.afhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/Spring2019-Issue_All.pdf |title='Definitely Damaged or Destroyed': Reexamining Civil Air Patrol's Wartime Claims |journal=Air Power History |first=Frank A. Jr. |last=Blazich |volume=66 |issue=1 |date=Spring 2019 |quote=The 1943 claim of CAP damaging or destroying two submarines has under scrutiny proven to be inaccurate, with CAP receiving no credit for any submarine damage or destruction during the war. |access-date=16 March 2019 |archive-date=10 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110015043/https://www.afhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/Spring2019-Issue_All.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Two submarines were reportedly destroyed by CAP aircraft, but later research found there was no basis for this claim.<ref name="APHist2019" /> By the end of the war, 68 CAP members had died in the line of duty.<ref name="WWIIfatalities">{{cite web |url=http://history.cap.gov/files/original/2716d3ba652f4d21c89cd8036d52f90b.pdf |title=Civil Air Patrol Fatalities, 1941–Present |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |first1=Seth |last1=Hudson |first2=Axel |last2=Ostling |first3=Frank A. Jr. |last3=Blazich |date=27 October 2018 |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref>

[[File:CAP On the Air Force Team poster.jpg|thumb|''On the Team'', Civil Air Patrol poster (1955) featuring an Air Force airman and a CAP cadet, with a CAP L-16 and an Air Force F-94 flying overhead. This poster features the signature of then-Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, Gen. [[Nathan F. Twining]].]]

With the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 and the creation of the United States Air Force, CAP became the auxiliary of the USAF 26 May 1948, and its incorporating charter declared that it would never again be involved in direct combat activities, but would be of a benevolent nature. The "supervisory" USAF organization overseeing CAP has changed several times. This has included the former [[Continental Air Command]] in 1959, the former Headquarters Command, USAF in 1968, to the [[Air University (United States)|Air University]] (AU) in 1976. Following Air University's reassignment as a subordinate command to the [[Air Education and Training Command]] (AETC) in 1993, USAF oversight of CAP has flowed from AETC at the 4-star level, to AU at the 3-star level, to AU's Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accessions and Citizen Development at the 1-star level, to a subordinate unit of 1st Air Force at the 3-star level with Civil Air Patrol–U.S. Air Force as a stand-alone unit lead at the Colonel (O-6) level. Since its incorporation charter, CAP has maintained its relationship with the USAF and has continued its three congressionally mandated missions.<ref name="historyofCAP">{{cite web |title=History of Civil Air Patrol |url=http://www.cap.gov/documents/Atch8_History_of_CAP.pdf |access-date=30 April 2008 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529041710/http://www.cap.gov/documents/Atch8_History_of_CAP.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2008}}</ref>

On 14 June 2011, Civil Air Patrol was awarded the Roving Ambassador of Peace by the [[World Peace Prize]] Awarding Council for its positive impact in American communities, its lifesaving efforts, and for "preserving liberty for all".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://worldpeaceprize.net/2017/11/10/2011-awards/#more-159 |title=2011 Awards |publisher=[[World Peace Prize]] |access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.coastalbreezenews.com/articles/civil-air-patrol-honored-with-international-award-2/ |title=Civil Air Patrol honored with international award |work=[[Coastal Breeze News]] |date=16 June 2011 |access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.aviationpros.com/press_release/10390229/civil-air-patrol-honored-with-international-award |title=Civil Air Patrol Honored With International Award |work=Aviation Pros |date=2 June 2011 |access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref> During the [[113th United States Congress]], both the [[United States Senate]] and the [[United States House of Representatives]] voted to pass a bill that would award the [[Congressional Gold Medal]] to the World War II members of Civil Air Patrol.<ref name=309actions>{{cite web |title=S. 309 – Actions |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/309/actions |publisher=[[United States Congress]] |access-date=20 May 2014}}</ref> The medal would be presented "in recognition of their military service and exemplary record during World War II."<ref name=309sum>{{cite web |title=S. 309 – Summary |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/309 |publisher=[[United States Congress]] |access-date=20 May 2014}}</ref>

In October 2021, Civil Air Patrol was awarded the Master's Trophy for the North America Region for that year by the [[Honourable Company of Air Pilots]]. The award citation noted the auxiliary's service during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and disaster relief response to [[Hurricane Ida]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2021 citation – The Master's Trophy – North America Region |url=https://www.airpilots.org/international-air-pilots/north-america-region/the-masters-trophy-for-the-north-america-region/ |website=The Honourable Company of Air Pilots |access-date=25 October 2021 |archive-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027032027/https://www.airpilots.org/international-air-pilots/north-america-region/the-masters-trophy-for-the-north-america-region/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Organization ==

Although a civilian organization, Civil Air Patrol is organized along military lines, with a streamlined and strictly hierarchical [[chain of command]] and a rank system patterned on that of the U.S. Air Force.<ref name=hsdlorg>[https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=456489 hsdl.org History of Civil Air Patrol]. ''hsdl.org''. p. 8–20 Accessed 14 October 2022.</ref> There are several distinct [[wikt:echelon|echelons]] in its structure: National Headquarters, regions, [[Wing (military unit)|wings]], [[Squadron (aviation)|squadrons]] and [[Flight (military unit)|flights]]. An additional [[Group (military unit)|group]] echelon may be placed between a wing and its squadrons and flights, at the wing commander's discretion.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

===National headquarters===

The volunteer leadership of the CAP consists of the [[National Commanders of the Civil Air Patrol|National Commander of the Civil Air Patrol]] and their staff, comprising a Vice National Commander, a chief of staff, a national legal officer, a national [[comptroller]], the chief of the CAP [[Chaplain]] Service, and the CAP [[inspector general]]. The national commander holds the grade of CAP [[Major general (United States)|major general]],<ref name=charlescap>[http://charlescap.org/assets/grade_and_position_pamphlet.pdf Grade & Position Pamphlet – Charles Composite Squadron]. ''charlescap.org''. Accessed 11 October 2022.</ref> the national vice commander holds the grade of CAP [[brigadier general]].<ref name=charlescap/> The rest of the national commander's staff hold the grade of CAP [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]].<ref name="CAPfactsheet" />

CAP is governed by a board of governors, established by federal law in 2001 and consisting of 11 members: four Civil Air Patrol members (currently the national commander, national vice commander, and two members-at-large appointed by the CAP National Executive Committee), four U.S. Air Force representatives appointed by the [[United States Secretary of the Air Force]], and three members from the aviation community jointly appointed by the CAP national commander and the Secretary of the Air Force. The board of governors generally meets two or three times annually and primarily provides strategic vision and guidance to the volunteer leadership and corporate staff.<ref name="BoG">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/documents/AFI_102702.pdf |title=Board of Governors of the Civil Air Patrol |access-date=11 May 2008 |date=27 February 2001 |publisher=United States Air Force |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529041711/http://level2.cap.gov/documents/AFI_102702.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2008}}</ref>

CAP National Headquarters is located at [[Maxwell Air Force Base]] outside [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]], [[Alabama]]. The headquarters employs a professional staff of over 100 and is led by the CAP executive director (analogous to a corporate [[chief operating officer]]), who reports to the board of governors. The national headquarters staff provides program management for the organization and membership support for the 1,700-plus volunteer field units across the United States.<ref name="CAPfactsheet" />

Headquarters Civil Air Patrol-U.S. Air Force (CAP-USAF) is an active-duty U.S. Air Force unit that operates under the joint jurisdiction of CAP National Headquarters and the U.S. Air Force [[Air Combat Command]], [[First Air Force]].<ref name="1AF20160624" /> Commanded by an aeronautically rated Air Force colonel, Headquarters CAP-USAF consists of approximately 75<ref name="1AF20160624" /> active-duty Air Force, [[United States Air Force Reserve]], [[Air National Guard]], and civilian U.S. Air Force personnel; all of the Air Force civil service personnel at CAP-USAF also are CAP members, and 22 of whom are stationed at National Headquarters, staff CAP-USAF. These members ensure CAP is organized, trained, and equipped to fulfill Air Force-assigned missions; advise, assist, and oversee Civil Air Patrol's operations; and provide liaison between CAP and the U.S. Air Force and other [[United States Government]] agencies.<ref>[https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104475/civil-air-patrol-us-air-force/ af.mil Civil Air Patrol-U.S. Air Force Accessed 14 October 2022]</ref> {{As of|2019|08}}, the commander of CAP-USAF is Colonel Mark A. Wootan, USAF.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cap.news/col-wootan-assumes--cap-usaf-command/ |title=Col. Wootan Assumes CAP-USAF Command |website=Civil Air Patrol Newsroom |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |date=29 August 2019 |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623063719/https://www.cap.news/col-wootan-assumes--cap-usaf-command/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Regions and wings===

Below the national headquarters level are eight geographic regions and a handful of overseas squadrons at various military installations worldwide. Each region, commanded by a CAP colonel, encompasses several statewide organizations referred to as [[Wing (air force unit)|wings]].<ref name="CAPfactsheet" /><ref name="Organizational Structure" /><ref name=hsdlorg/> There are 52 CAP wings, one in each of the 50 [[U.S. state]]s, one (known as the National Capital Wing) in the [[District of Columbia]], and one in the [[Commonwealth of Puerto Rico]].<ref name=hsdlorg/> Each wing has a commander who is a CAP colonel and is the sole corporate officer for that state, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico. Each wing commander oversees a wing headquarters staff made up of experienced volunteer members.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

The regions and their subordinate wings are:<ref name=hsdlorg/>
* Northeast Region: [[Connecticut Wing Civil Air Patrol|Connecticut]], [[Maine Wing Civil Air Patrol|Maine]], [[Massachusetts Wing Civil Air Patrol|Massachusetts]], [[New Hampshire Wing Civil Air Patrol|New Hampshire]], [[New Jersey Wing Civil Air Patrol|New Jersey]], [[New York Wing Civil Air Patrol|New York]], [[Pennsylvania Wing Civil Air Patrol|Pennsylvania]], [[Rhode Island Wing Civil Air Patrol|Rhode Island]], and [[Vermont Wing Civil Air Patrol|Vermont]] wings
* Mid Atlantic Region: [[Delaware Wing Civil Air Patrol|Delaware]], [[Maryland Wing Civil Air Patrol|Maryland]], [[National Capital Wing Civil Air Patrol|National Capital]] (District of Columbia), [[North Carolina Wing Civil Air Patrol|North Carolina]], [[South Carolina Wing Civil Air Patrol|South Carolina]], [[Virginia Wing Civil Air Patrol|Virginia]], and [[West Virginia Wing Civil Air Patrol|West Virginia]] wings
* Great Lakes Region: [[Illinois Wing Civil Air Patrol|Illinois]], [[Indiana Wing Civil Air Patrol|Indiana]], [[Kentucky Wing Civil Air Patrol|Kentucky]], [[Michigan Wing Civil Air Patrol|Michigan]], [[Ohio Wing Civil Air Patrol|Ohio]], and [[Wisconsin Wing Civil Air Patrol|Wisconsin]] wings
* Southeast Region: [[Alabama Wing Civil Air Patrol|Alabama]], [[Florida Wing Civil Air Patrol|Florida]], [[Georgia Wing Civil Air Patrol|Georgia]], [[Mississippi Wing Civil Air Patrol|Mississippi]], [[Puerto Rico Wing Civil Air Patrol|Puerto Rico]], and [[Tennessee Wing Civil Air Patrol|Tennessee]] wings
* North Central Region: [[Iowa Wing Civil Air Patrol|Iowa]], [[Kansas Wing Civil Air Patrol|Kansas]], [[Minnesota Wing Civil Air Patrol|Minnesota]], [[Missouri Wing Civil Air Patrol|Missouri]], [[Nebraska Wing Civil Air Patrol|Nebraska]], [[North Dakota Wing Civil Air Patrol|North Dakota]] and [[South Dakota Wing Civil Air Patrol|South Dakota]] wings
* Southwest Region: [[Arizona Wing Civil Air Patrol|Arizona]], [[Arkansas Wing Civil Air Patrol|Arkansas]], [[Louisiana Wing Civil Air Patrol|Louisiana]], [[New Mexico Wing Civil Air Patrol|New Mexico]], [[Oklahoma Wing Civil Air Patrol|Oklahoma]], and [[Texas Wing Civil Air Patrol|Texas]] wings
* Rocky Mountain Region: [[Colorado Wing Civil Air Patrol|Colorado]], [[Idaho Wing Civil Air Patrol|Idaho]], [[Montana Wing Civil Air Patrol|Montana]], [[Utah Wing Civil Air Patrol|Utah]], and [[Wyoming Wing Civil Air Patrol|Wyoming]] wings
* Pacific Region: [[Alaska Wing Civil Air Patrol|Alaska]], [[California Wing Civil Air Patrol|California]], [[Hawaii Wing Civil Air Patrol|Hawaii]], [[Nevada Wing Civil Air Patrol|Nevada]], [[Oregon Wing Civil Air Patrol|Oregon]], and [[Washington Wing Civil Air Patrol|Washington]] wings

CAP-USAF assigns active-duty U.S. Air Force personnel to each CAP region and wing to provide liaison for them.<ref name=hsdlorg/>

===Groups===

The [[Group (military unit)|group]] is an optional level of command in CAP below that of wing. A wing commander may form a group within his or her wing when he or she deems a geographic area or the number of subordinate units to be too large for effective control by the wing alone. If a CAP group is formed, it must include no fewer than five [[Squadron (aviation)|squadrons]].<ref name="CAPfactsheet" /><ref name="Organizational Structure" /><ref name=hsdlorg/>

===Squadrons===
Local units are called [[Squadron (aviation)|squadrons]]. Squadrons are the main functioning bodies and primary operational commands in the CAP. Reporting directly to the wing, or to a group if the wing commander chooses to form one or more groups, squadrons have the responsibility to carry out plans and programs formulated by higher echelons of CAP.<ref name=hsdlorg/>

Civil Air Patrol squadrons are designated as either cadet, senior, or composite squadrons. A CAP composite squadron consists of both cadets and senior members, who may be involved in any of the three missions of CAP. Composite squadrons have two deputy commanders to assist the squadron commander: a Deputy Commander for Seniors and a Deputy Commander for Cadets. A senior squadron includes only senior members, who participate in the emergency services or aerospace education missions of CAP. A cadet squadron is largely made up of cadets, with a small number of senior members as necessary for the supervision of cadets and the proper execution of the cadet program.<ref name="CAPfactsheet" /><ref name="Organizational Structure" /> Overseas squadrons operate independently of this structure, reporting directly to the National Headquarters.<ref name="Overseas">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/documents/u_082203092956.pdf |title=Overseas Cadet Squadrons |access-date=11 May 2008 |date=15 October 1998 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529041746/http://level2.cap.gov/documents/u_082203092956.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2008}}</ref>

===Flights===

The lowest level of CAP organization is the [[Flight (military unit)|flight]].<ref name=hsdlorg/> Flights are temporary units, usually formed in remote areas with too few CAP personnel to form a squadron, but with a goal of forming a new squadron as quickly as possible by recruiting additional CAP members locally to increase its membership.<ref name=hsdlorg/> A flight may consist of no more than 14 CAP members.<ref name=hsdlorg/> It may be formed by as few as eight CAP senior members, but if a flight is formed by a mix of senior members and cadets, at least three of the flight's personnel must be senior members.<ref name=hsdlorg/> A wing commander may direct a flight to report to a squadron, directly to a group, or directly to the wing itself.<ref name=hsdlorg/>

A CAP flight is a semi-independent unit that is used mainly as a stepping-stone for a new unit until they are large enough to be designated a squadron. Due to their transitory nature, there are very few flights within CAP structure at any one time. A flight will be assigned to a squadron "parent", and it is the job of the flight and squadron commanders to work together to build the flight into a full and independent squadron.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} Flights are also used as temporary units within a squadron. These flights are dismissed after the activity or meeting they were created for. A flight within a squadron is assigned a [[NATO phonetic alphabet|letter]], so a flight could be designated "Charlie Flight, Thunderbolt Squadron", for example. In larger squadrons, flights are permanent subunits and cadets are assigned to them.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} 

== Missions ==
Civil Air Patrol has five congressionally mandated missions:<ref>{{USC|36|40302}}</ref>

# To provide an organization to encourage and aid citizens of the United States in contributing their efforts, services, and resources in developing aviation and in maintaining air supremacy; and encourage and develop by example the voluntary contribution of private citizens to the public welfare.
# To provide aviation education and training, especially to its senior and cadet members.
# To encourage and foster civil aviation in local communities.
# To provide an organization of private citizens with adequate facilities to assist in meeting local and national emergencies.
# To assist the Department of the Air Force in fulfilling its non-combat programs and missions.

The organization condenses these mandates into three core program areas, which are aerospace education, cadet programs, and emergency services.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.capmembers.com/media/cms/CAP_fact_sheet_2016_web_5475C098398E8.pdf |title=Fact Sheet 2016 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |date=2016 |access-date=20 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/about/civil_air_patrols_three_primary_missions/ |title=Civil Air Patrol's Three Primary Missions |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114172124/http://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/about/civil_air_patrols_three_primary_missions/ |archive-date=14 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Emergency services ===
[[File:Civil Air Patrol pilots during Amalgam Dart 2009.jpg|thumb|Two Oregon Wing members walk towards their aircraft during a training exercise.]]

Civil Air Patrol covers several emergency services areas. The principal categories include [[search and rescue]] missions, disaster relief, humanitarian services, and [[United States Air Force]] support. Other services, such as [[homeland security]] and actions against [[War on Drugs|drug-trafficking]] operations, are becoming increasingly important. CAP missions are assigned on a case-by-case basis by the [[AFRCC]].<ref name="gocivilairpatrol.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/R060_003_075A4369FBA8E.pdf |title=CAP Emergency Services Training and Operational Missions |publisher=National Headquarters Civil Air Patrol |date=26 December 2012}}</ref>

[[File:CAP ASR Pilot.jpg|thumb|upright|A CAP search and rescue (SAR) pilot]]

Civil Air Patrol is well known for its search activities in conjunction with search and rescue (SAR) operations. CAP is involved with approximately three&nbsp;quarters of all aerial inland SAR missions directed by the [[United States Air Force Rescue Coordination Center]] at [[Tyndall Air Force Base]], [[Florida]].<ref name="SARAgencies">{{cite web |url=http://www.acc.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3721 |title=SAR Agencies |access-date=9 May 2008 |publisher=[[United States Air Force]] |quote=...CAP willingly and effectively conducts approximately three-fourths of all aerial search activity in the inland area. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427023452/http://www.acc.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=3721 <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=27 April 2008}}</ref> Outside of the contiguous United States, CAP directly supports the [[Joint Rescue Coordination Centers]] in [[Alaska]], [[Hawaii]], and [[Puerto Rico]]. CAP is credited with saving an average of 100 lives per year.<ref name="level2 5243">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/index.cfm?nodeID=5243 |title=Emergency Services |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |access-date=22 May 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425133629/http://level2.cap.gov/index.cfm?nodeID=5243 |archive-date=25 April 2006}}</ref>

CAP is active in disaster relief operations, especially in areas such as [[Florida]], [[Mississippi]] and [[Louisiana]] that are frequently struck by [[hurricane]]s as well as [[Oklahoma]] and [[Texas]] which are frequented by large, damaging tornadoes. CAP aircrews and ground personnel provide transportation for cargo and officials, aerial imagery to aid emergency managers in assessing damage, and donations of personnel and equipment to local, state and federal disaster relief organizations during times of need. In [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004]], several hurricanes hit the southeast coast of the United States, with Florida being the worst damaged; CAP was instrumental in providing help to affected areas.<ref name="level2 5243" />

Civil Air Patrol conducts [[humanitarianism|humanitarian]] service missions, usually in support of the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]]. CAP aircrews transport time-sensitive medical materials, including blood and [[tissue (biology)|human tissue]], when other means of transportation (such as [[ambulance]]s) are not practical or possible. Following the [[September 11 attacks|September&nbsp;11]] attacks on the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in New York City when all [[general aviation]] was grounded, one of the first planes to fly over the [[World Trade Center site]] was a CAP aircraft taking photographs.<ref name="level2 5243" />

CAP performs several missions that are not combat-related in support of the [[United States Air Force]], including damage assessment, transportation of materials, transportation of officials, communications support (as "Highbird" repeaters) and low-altitude route surveys.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2016 |title=CAP Regulation 100-3 - Communications - Radiotelephone Operations |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/R100_003_4C83447E87350.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313070303/https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/R100_003_4C83447E87350.pdf |archive-date=Mar 13, 2024 |website=National Headquarters Civil Air Patrol}}</ref><ref name="level2 5243" /> The CAP fleet is used in training exercises to prepare USAF pilots to intercept enemy aircraft over the [[Continental United States]]. Civil Air Patrol aircraft are flown into restricted airspace, where United States Air Force pilots may practice low-speed intercepts.<ref name="Targetpractice">{{cite news |first=Mary Beth |last=Sheridan |title=Civilian Pilots Provide Target Practice |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/16/AR2007011601755_pf.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=17 January 2007 |access-date=1 May 2008}}</ref>

Civil Air Patrol also provides non-emergency assistance to the [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]], [[Drug Enforcement Administration]], and [[United States Forest Service]] in the [[War on Drugs]]. In 2005, CAP flew over 12,000&nbsp;hours in support of this mission and led these agencies to the confiscation of illegal substances valued at over US$400&nbsp;million. Civil Air Patrol makes extensive use of the [[Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance]] system, mounted on the [[Gippsland GA8]] Airvan. The system is able to evaluate spectral signatures given off by certain objects, allowing the system to identify, for example, a possible [[Cannabis (drug)|marijuana]] crop.<ref name="CAPfactsheet">{{cite web |url=http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=163 |title=Civil Air Patrol |work=AF.mil |publisher=United States Air Force |date=23 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203103225/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=163 |archive-date=3 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="AFNORTH">{{cite book |url=http://www.1af.acc.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-070808-022.pdf |title=Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA) Handbook: Air Support Handbook 2007 |publisher=United States Air Force, 1 AF (AFNORTH) |pages=46–53 |date=1 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529041710/http://www.1af.acc.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-070808-022.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2008}}</ref>

As a humanitarian service organization, CAP assists federal, state and local agencies in preparing for and responding to homeland security needs. The [[Red Cross]], [[The Salvation Army|Salvation Army]] and other civilian agencies frequently request Civil Air Patrol aircraft to transport vital supplies including medical technicians, medication, and other vital supplies. They often rely on CAP to provide [[airlift]] and communications for disaster relief operations. CAP also assists the [[United States Coast Guard]] and [[United States Coast Guard Auxiliary|Coast Guard Auxiliary]].<ref name="USCGAUX">{{cite web |url=http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/U_B0B345F2674EB.pdf |title=Memorandum of Understanding Between the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary, the United States Coast Guard, the Civil Air Patrol, and the Civil Air Patrol-United States Air Force |access-date=11 November 2012 |date=31 August 2001 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol and United States Coast Guard Auxiliary |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312032415/http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/U_B0B345F2674EB.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SALVATION">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/documents/u_101003144730.pdf |title=Memorandum of Understanding Between the Civil Air Patrol and The Salvation Army Relating to Participation in Disaster Assistance |access-date=13 May 2008 |date=7 May 2002 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol and The Salvation Army |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529041733/http://level2.cap.gov/documents/u_101003144730.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2008}}</ref> The Civil Air Patrol routinely drills for emergencies through Search and Rescue exercises ('''SAREX'''). CAP also requires members to renew their qualifications for emergency services usually done during SAREXs.<ref name="gocivilairpatrol.com"/>

=== Aerospace education ===
The Aerospace Education Program provides aviation-related education and educational activities for members, including formal, graded courses about all aspects of [[aviation]] including flight physics, dynamics, history, and application. Courses covering the space program, and new technologies and advances in aviation and [[space exploration]], are also available. There are several programs for CAP pilots to improve their flying skills and earn [[Federal Aviation Administration]] ratings.<ref name="Infoforpilots">{{cite web |url=http://www.cap.gov/visitors/quick_info/for_pilots.cfm |title=Info for Pilots |access-date=30 April 2008 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513184452/http://cap.gov/visitors/quick_info/for_pilots.cfm |archive-date=13 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Cadet Program has a mandatory aerospace education program; to progress, a cadet must take several courses and tests relating to aviation. Cadets also have educational opportunities through museum tours, [[National Cadet Special Activities]], military and civilian orientation rides, and guest speakers.<ref name="AerospaceEd" />

Senior members may study aerospace through the Senior Member Professional Development Program. CAP encourages its senior members to learn about aviation and its history, although this is not mandatory. Those who complete the Aerospace Education Program for Senior Members may earn the [[Chuck Yeager|Charles E. "Chuck" Yeager]] Aerospace Education Award.<ref name="AerospaceEd" />

Through outreach programs, including the External Aerospace Education program, CAP helps school teachers integrate aviation and aerospace into the classroom by providing seminars, and course materials and through sponsorship of the [[National Congress on Aviation and Space Education]]. Members also provide their communities with resources for better management of [[airports]] and other aviation-related facilities and promote the benefits of such facilities.<ref name="AerospaceEd">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/visitors/programs/aerospace_education/ |title=Aerospace Education |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |access-date=22 May 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614195314/http://level2.cap.gov/visitors/programs/aerospace_education/ |archive-date=14 June 2006}}</ref> The organization also works with other groups, such as the [[Boy Scouts of America]], the [[Girl Scouts of the USA]] and [[4-H]] to fulfill the education goal set down in the organization's Congressional charter&nbsp;– to "encourage and foster civil aviation in local communities."<ref name="AerospaceEd" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/36C403.txt |title=36 USC Chapter 403 – Civil Air Patrol |access-date=19 May 2008 |date=2 January 2006 |work=Office of the Law Revision Counsel |publisher=United States House of Representatives |format=TXT |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529005217/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/36C403.txt |archive-date=29 May 2008}}</ref>

== Membership ==
{{As of|2023|9|30}}, CAP had 65,531 members&nbsp;– 36,119 senior members and 29,332 cadets<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 13, 2023 |title=2022 Report to Congress |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/members/cap-national-hq/government-relations/2022-report-to-congress |access-date=February 26, 2022 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol}}</ref>&nbsp;– in over 1,600 local units in all fifty states; Washington, D.C.; and [[Puerto Rico]], and at numerous overseas United States Air Force installations.<ref name="cap61000">{{cite news |url=http://www.capvolunteernow.com/todays-features/?civil_air_patrol_membership_soars_past_61000&show=news&newsID=9131 |title=Civil Air Patrol Membership Soars Past 61,000 |work=CAPVolunteerNow.com |first=Jennifer S |last=Kornegay |date=9 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112032248/http://www.capvolunteernow.com/todays-features/?civil_air_patrol_membership_soars_past_61000&show=news&newsID=9131 |archive-date=12 January 2015 |url-status=dead |access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="baker, dean">{{cite news |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2004093924_airpatrol27m.html |title=Civil Air Patrol aims to serve, save lives |work=The Columbian |via=The Seattle Times |first=Dean |last=Baker |date=27 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017021331/http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2004093924_airpatrol27m.html |archive-date=17 October 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref> CAP members are civilians and are not paid by the [[United States government]] for their service. Rather, members are responsible for paying annual membership fees and must pay for their uniforms and other related expenses.<ref name="baker, dean" />

Senior membership is open to all [[Citizenship of the United States|U.S. citizens]], and [[Lawful permanent residents (United States)|U.S. legal permanent residents]] aged 18 and over who can pass an [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] background check. There is no upper age limit, nor membership restrictions for physical disabilities, due to the number of different tasks which members may be called on to perform. Cadet membership is open to those aged between 12 and 18 who maintain satisfactory progress in school, as determined by the cadet's unit commander; upon their 18th birthday, cadets may become senior members or remain in the Cadet Program until they are 21.<ref name="CAPR52-16" /><ref name="membership">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/documents/u_120403111801.pdf |title=Civil Air Patrol Membership |access-date=13 May 2008 |date=1 October 2005 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509184539/http://level2.cap.gov/documents/u_120403111801.pdf |archive-date=9 May 2008}}</ref>

The Civil Air Patrol motto, to which all members subscribe, is "Semper Vigilans", [[Latin]] for "Always Vigilant".<ref name="motto">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/visitors/history/cap_motto/ |title=CAP Motto |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |access-date=13 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705173013/http://level2.cap.gov/visitors/history/cap_motto/ |archive-date=5 July 2008}}</ref> All CAP members are also obligated by their service to the organization to abide by its core values: integrity, volunteer service, excellence, and respect.<ref name="Corevalues">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/visitors/history/cap_core_values/ |title=CAP Core Values |access-date=13 May 2008 |publisher=Civil AIr Patrol |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307080451/http://level2.cap.gov/visitors/history/cap_core_values/ |archive-date=7 March 2008}}</ref>

=== Senior members ===
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{United States uniformed services pay grades/officer/blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OF/United States (Civil Air Patrol)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OF/Blank}}
|}

Senior members are members who joined CAP for the first time past the age of 18, or who are former cadets who transferred to the senior member program, which must happen by the cadet's 21st birthday. Senior members who have not yet turned 21 years are eligible for [[flight officer]] grades, which include flight officer, technical flight officer, and senior flight officer, after completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training.<ref name=":0" /> There is no [[mandatory retirement]] age for CAP members, and there are no physical requirements for joining. Members may enter retired status after twenty years of service. The only physical requirements senior members must follow are the weight and grooming standards required to wear the United States Air Force-style uniforms. Senior members who do not meet the weight and grooming standards of the United States Air Force may wear alternative uniforms known as CAP Corporate uniforms.<ref name="M39-1"/>

Officer grades up to [[lieutenant colonel]] reflect progression in training and organizational seniority, rather than command authority. Because of this, it is not uncommon for senior members commanding groups and squadrons to have members of superior grades serving under them. Current, retired and former members of the [[United States Armed Forces]] may be promoted directly to the CAP grade equivalent to their military grade, after completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training,<ref name=":0">{{cite book |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |location=Maxwell Air Force Base, AL |date=22 November 2016 |title=CAP Officer and NCO Appointments and Promotions |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/R_355_D1A3C2A66AF7A.pdf |at=¶ 3.1.3}} (Includes ICL 19-08 2 December 2019 and ICL 20-04 4 August 2020.)</ref> although some choose to follow the same standards as non-prior-service members. Except for a few exceptional cases, senior members are promoted to the grade of CAP [[colonel]] only upon appointment as a Region Commander, responsible for overseeing multiple states, or Wing Commander, responsible for the administration of CAP units across an entire [[U.S. state|state]].<ref name="OfficerNCOPromotions">{{cite web |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/R355_with_ICL_1908_and_ICL_2004_inc_F9ADEB5A35E90.pdf |title=CAP Officer and Noncommissioned Officer Appointments and Promotions |access-date=10 January 2021 |date=22 November 2016 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |archive-date=17 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017013753/https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/R355_with_ICL_1908_and_ICL_2004_inc_F9ADEB5A35E90.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Only the vice national commander holds the rank of [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]],<ref name=charlescap/> and only the national commander holds the rank of [[Major general (United States)|major general]].<ref name=charlescap/>

Former military enlisted personnel from E-4{{efn|With those at E-4 made CAP staff sergeant<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/The_NCO_Corps_Briefing_Baltimore_4E03C295A38DF.pptx |title=Your Intro Chief |date=2019 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |website=gocivilairpatrol.com |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref>}} up may choose to retain their grade as senior members in the Civil Air Patrol, with grades E-5 (CAP staff sergeant) through E-9 (CAP chief master sergeant) available, after completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training.<ref name=":0" /> Former CAP national commander, Major General Carr, unveiled plans to restructure the CAP NCO program to allow individuals to "enlist" as NCOs and progress through a specific professional development program. According to a U.S. Air Force article on the subject, "The current design of the NCO corps in the CAP only allows former active-duty NCOs to be a part of the corps, with no upgrade training for promotion within the ranks. The newly signed corps structure will mirror the Air Force NCO force structure with an established process to promote and develop NCOs."<ref name="New NCO Corps Structure for Civil Air Patrol Announced">{{cite news|url=http://www.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/223/Article/467324/new-nco-corps-structure-for-civil-air-patrol-announced.aspx |title=New NCO Corps Structure for Civil Air Patrol Announced |work=AF.mil |first=Carlin |last=Leslie |date=21 October 2013}}</ref> By 2018 a professional development and promotion pathway was in place for former military enlisted personnel who joined CAP at their previous rank.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/ICL_1806_R201_4_Sep_18_865613378A514.pdf |title=Memorandum for all CAP Members |author=Office of the National Commander – Civil Air Patrol |date=4 September 2018 |access-date=26 September 2021 |website=gocivilairpatrol.com}}</ref>

Senior members are provided with an optional Senior Member Professional Development program and are encouraged to progress within it. The professional development program consists of five levels, corresponding with grades from second lieutenant to lieutenant colonel. Each level of development has components of leadership training, corporate familiarization and aerospace education, and also professional development within chosen "Specialty Tracks". There are many Specialty Tracks and they are designed both to support the organization and to provide opportunities for senior members to take advantage of skills they have from their private lives.<ref name="SMPDP"/>

Available Specialty Tracks include [[Logistics]], [[telecommunication|Communications]], Cadet Programs, [[public affairs (military)|Public Affairs]], [[law|Legal]], [[Business administration|Administration]], Emergency Services, [[Finance]], and many more.<ref name="SMPDP">{{cite book |last=Civil Air Patrol |date=24 May 2021 |title=Civil Air Patrol Senior Member Education & Training Program |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/R_401_2DBE51D881DDE.pdf |access-date=26 March 2022 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |location=Maxwell Air Force Base, AL}}</ref> Additionally, senior members with specific civilian professional qualifications may be awarded grades based on their professional qualifications. Examples include FAA Certified Flight Instructors, Certified Ground Instructors, attorneys, medical professionals, Certified Public Accountants, clergy, and licensed educators or administrators who are often promoted directly to [[second lieutenant]], [[first lieutenant]] or [[Captain (United States O-3)|captain]],<ref name=":0" /> after completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training.<ref name=":0" /> Additional promotion may be available after one year time in grade.<ref name=":0" />

{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{United States uniformed services pay grades/enlisted/blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Air Forces/OR/United States (Civil Air Patrol)}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/Blank}}
|}

In 2020, Civil Air Patrol introduced a new senior professional development program called Volunteer University.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education and Training |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/members/cap-university/education-and-training |website=Civil Air Patrol |access-date=22 July 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728155524/https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/members/cap-university/education-and-training |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Volunteer University provides education and training to CAP senior members through modules and instruction, replacing the previous system including the: Officer Basic Course, Squadron Leadership School, Region Staff College, and National Staff College.

The Civil Air Patrol University senior member professional development awards recognize those members who have dedicated themselves to leadership and personal development in CAP. These awards include:
* Membership Ribbon<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/members/ed-training/level-1-onboarding |title=Level I: Onboarding |website=gocivilairpatrol.com |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref>
* Leadership Award<ref name="capmembers1">{{cite web |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/members/ed-training/level-ii-learning-phase |title=Level II: The Learning Phase |website=gocivilairpatrol.com |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref>
* [[Benjamin O. Davis Jr.]] Award. There is no ribbon for this award.<ref name="capmembers1"/>
* [[Grover Loening Award]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/members/ed-training/level-iii-leadership |title=Level III: The Leadership Phase |website=gocivilairpatrol.com |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref>
* [[Paul E. Garber Award]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/members/ed-training/level-iv-senior-leadership |title=Level IV: Senior Leadership Phase |website=gocivilairpatrol.com |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref>
* [[Gill Robb Wilson Award]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/members/ed-training/level-v-executive |title=Level V: The Executive Leadership Phase |website=gocivilairpatrol.com |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref>

{{gallery |width=100 |height=50
|File:CAP Membership Award.png|{{small|Membership Ribbon}}
|File:CAP Leadership Award.png|{{small|Leadership Ribbon}}
|File:CAP Grover Loening Aerospace Award.png|{{small|Loening Ribbon}}
|File:CAP 12 Paul E. Garber Award.png|{{small|Garber Ribbon}}
|File:CAP Gill Robb Wilson Award.png|{{small|Wilson Ribbon}}
}}

=== Cadet members ===
[[File:CAP Cadets at Encampment.JPG|thumb|Cadets listen to instructions during a field exercise.]]

Civil Air Patrol's cadet program is a traditional military-style [[cadet]] program with over 28,000 cadets nationwide<ref>{{Cite web| title = Civil Air Patrol-U.S. Air Force > Air Force > Fact Sheet Display| access-date = 2024-01-02| date=c. 2023 | url = https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104475/civil-air-patrol-us-air-force/ | publisher = US Air Force}} </ref> and is one of the three main missions of the Civil Air Patrol. CAP cadets wear modified versions of United States Air Force uniforms, hold rank and grade, and practice military [[military courtesy|customs and courtesies]]. They are required to maintain [[physical fitness]] standards and are tested on their knowledge of [[leadership]] and aerospace subjects at each promotion opportunity.<ref name="CAPR52-16">{{cite web |url=http://www.capmembers.com/media/cms/R052_016_2011_02_BFAB729553AB1.pdf |title=Cadet Program Management |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |id=CAP Regulation 52-16 |date=1 February 2011}}</ref>

==== Concept ====
The current CAP Cadet Program was designed by John V. "Jack" Sorenson who held the position of Civil Air Patrol's Director of Aerospace Education in the 1960s. This program has four phases (Learning, Leadership, Command, and Executive) each of which is divided into several achievements. Achievements generally correspond to grade promotions, while phases are tied to levels of responsibility. The Cadet Program operates at a local unit (squadron) level with weekly meetings and weekend activities but also has national and wing-sponsored events, including week-long and multi-week summer activities and camps.<ref name="CAPR52-16" />

As cadets progress through the program, they are given additional responsibility for scheduling, teaching, guiding and commanding the other cadets in their units. They also assist their senior staff in executing the Cadet Program. It is not unusual for a cadet officer to command an encampment of hundreds of junior Cadets.<ref name="NETM">{{cite web |url=http://www.nywgcadets.org/caperp/docs/netm.pdf |title=Encampment Training Manual |publisher=New York Wing |page=7 |date=1 March 2002 |access-date=2 April 2008 |quote=The Cadet Commander (C/CC) is responsible for the implementation and conduct of the encampment program.}}</ref> Cadets are given many opportunities to lead and to follow; they may hold leadership positions at squadron and wing activities and are often involved in planning these activities. Cadets may complete paperwork, command other cadets, and teach at weekly meetings and at weekend and summer events.<ref name="Cadets">{{cite web |url=http://www.cap.gov/visitors/members/cadet_programs/ |title=Cadets |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |access-date=22 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509033642/http://www.cap.gov/visitors/members/cadet_programs/ |archive-date=9 May 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] stated in the ''Recruiting, Retention, and Reservist Promotion Act of 2000'' that CAP and similar programs "provide significant benefits for the Armed Forces, including significant public relations benefits".<ref name="106cong">[[106th United States Congress|106th Congress]], 2D Session (6 April 2000). [http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c106:H.R.4208.IH: ''Recruiting, Retention, and Reservist Promotion Act of 2000'' (H.R. 4208)] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120714144731/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c106:H.R.4208.IH: |date=14 July 2012 }}. [[United States Government Printing Office|US Government Printing Office]]. Retrieved 18 October 2007</ref>

==== Cadet program awards and grade structure ====
{{For|Civil Air Patrol cadet grades and insignia|Cadet grades and insignia of the Civil Air Patrol}}

Cadets have a [[Cadet grades and insignia of the Civil Air Patrol|rank structure]] similar to the [[United States Air Force]] [[enlisted rank|enlisted]] and [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]] grades, excluding those of [[general officer]]s. A cadet starts as a cadet airman basic and is promoted as he or she completes each achievement. Unlike the regular armed forces, where it is possible to enter either directly as a [[commissioned officer|commissioned]] following completion of some form of officer training ([[service academy]], college [[ROTC]], or [[Officer Candidate School|OCS]]/[[Officer Training School|OTS]], etc.), or enlist and eventually advance to [[non-commissioned officer]] or [[petty officer]] status, a CAP cadet must be promoted through every CAP cadet enlisted grade to achieve the rank of CAP cadet second lieutenant.<ref name="CAPR52-16" />

To complete an achievement, a cadet must pass a physical fitness test and two written tests, one for leadership and one for aerospace education. The only exceptions to this rule are the promotions to cadet airman and cadet staff sergeant, which have no aerospace test. For some achievements, an additional test of drill proficiency is required. In the new promotion system, effective as of 2010, there is a drill test for all CAP cadet enlisted grades.<ref name="CAPR52-16" />

;Cadet Officer Ranks
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{United States uniformed services pay grades/officer/blank}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| rowspan=2| '''{{flagicon image|Flag of the United States Civil Air Patrol.svg}} Civil Air Patrol'''
| rowspan=2 colspan=10| '''''No equivalent'''''{{hr}}
| colspan=2| [[File:US - CAP Cadet Colonel.png|75px|alt=Cadet colonel insignia]]
| colspan=2| [[File:US - CAP Cadet Lt Col.png|50px|alt=Cadet lieutenant colonel insignia]]
| colspan=2| [[File:US - CAP Cadet Major.png|25px|alt=Cadet Major insignia]]
| colspan=2| [[File:CCpt.svg|75px|alt=Cadet Captain insignia]]
| colspan=3| [[File:C1Lt.svg|50px|alt=Cadet First lieutenant insignia]]
| colspan=3| [[File:C2Lt.svg|25px|alt=Cadet Second lieutenant insignia]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan=2| [[Cadet Colonel|Cadet colonel]]<br />C/Col
| colspan=2| [[Cadet Lieutenant Colonel|Cadet lieutenant colonel]]<br />C/Lt Col
| colspan=2| [[Cadet Major|Cadet major]]<br />C/Maj
| colspan=2| [[Cadet Captain|Cadet captain]]<br />C/Capt
| colspan=3| [[Cadet First Lieutenant|Cadet first lieutenant]]<br />C/1st Lt
| colspan=3| [[Cadet Second Lieutenant|Cadet second lieutenant]]<br />C/2d Lt
|}

;Cadet Enlisted Ranks
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{United States uniformed services pay grades/enlisted/blank}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| rowspan=2| '''{{flagicon image|Flag of the United States Civil Air Patrol.svg}} Civil Air Patrol'''
| colspan=6| [[File:CCMSgt.svg|50px|alt=Cadet chief master sergeant insignia]]
| colspan=2| [[File:CSMSgt.svg|50px|alt=Cadet senior master sergeant insignia]]
| colspan=2| [[File:CMSgt.svg|50px|alt=Cadet master sergeant insignia]]
| colspan=6| [[File:CTSgt.svg|50px|alt=Cadet technical sergeant insignia]]
| colspan=6| [[File:CSSgt.svg|50px|alt=Cadet staff sergeant insignia]]
| colspan=4| [[File:CSrA.svg|50px|alt=Cadet senior airman insignia]]
| colspan=2| [[File:CA1C.svg|50px|alt=Cadet airman first class insignia]]
| colspan=6| [[File:CAmn.svg|50px|alt=Cadet airman insignia]]
| colspan=2| '''No insignia'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan=6| [[Cadet Chief Master Sergeant|Cadet chief master sergeant]]<br />C/CMSgt
| colspan=2| [[Cadet Senior Master Sergeant|Cadet senior master sergeant]]<br />C/SMSgt
| colspan=2| [[Cadet Master Sergeant|Cadet master sergeant]]<br />C/MSgt
| colspan=6| [[Cadet Technical Sergeant|Cadet technical sergeant]]<br />C/TSgt
| colspan=6| [[Cadet Staff Sergeant|Cadet staff sergeant]]<br />C/SSgt
| colspan=4| [[Cadet Senior Airman|Cadet senior airman]]<br />C/SrA
| colspan=2| [[Cadet Airman First Class|Cadet airman first class]]<br />C/A1C
| colspan=6| [[Cadet Airman|Cadet airman]]<br />C/Amn
| colspan=2| [[Cadet Airman Basic|Cadet airman basic]]<br />C/AB
|}

The milestones in the Civil Air Patrol Cadet Program are the [[Wright brothers]] Award, the General [[Billy Mitchell]] Award, the [[Amelia Earhart]] Award, the General [[Ira C. Eaker]] Award and the General [[Carl Andrew Spaatz|Carl A. Spaatz]] Award.<ref name="CAPR52-16" /> As of July 2021, 2,343 Spaatz Awards had been earned since the first was awarded to Cadet Douglas Roach in 1964.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spaatz.org/the-awards/the-general-carl-a-spaatz-award/spaatz-award-recipients/ |title=Spaatz Award Recipients |publisher=[[The Spaatz Association]] |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> Cadet Roach went on to a United States Air Force career and later became a pilot in the [[United States Air Force Thunderbirds|Air Force Thunderbirds]] aerial demonstration team.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=4150e280-a448-4978-969b-5d7948579e5a |title=Gone West: Douglas C. Roach |work=Aero-News Network |date=18 January 2013 |access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref>

{{gallery |width=100 |height=50
|File:Wright.gif|{{small|Wright Brothers Ribbon}}
|File:Mitchell.gif|{{small|Mitchell Ribbon}}
|File:Earhart.png|{{small|Earhart Ribbon}}
|File:Eaker.png|{{small|Eaker Ribbon}}
|File:Spaatz.gif|{{small|Spaatz Ribbon}}
}}

Each milestone award in Civil Air Patrol confers upon a cadet various benefits. Upon earning the Mitchell Award and the grade of cadet second lieutenant, a cadet is eligible for promotion the rank of [[Airman First Class|airman first class (E-3)]] upon enlistment in the [[United States Air Force]].<ref name="CAPfactsheet" /><ref name="Mitchell">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/index.cfm?nodeID=5156 |title=Brig Gen Billy Mitchell Award |access-date=4 April 2008 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327020552/http://level2.cap.gov/index.cfm?nodeID=5156 |archive-date=27 March 2008}}</ref> A cadet earning the Earhart Award and being promoted to C/Capt and, if age 17 or older, is eligible to be selected to attend the [[International Air Cadet Exchange]].

According to the CAP Knowledgebase website, the percentages for cadets receiving the milestone awards are estimated to be as follows:
* Mitchell: 15%
* Earhart: 5%
* Eaker: 2%
* Spaatz: ≈0.5%<ref name="PercentageMilestones">{{cite web |url=http://capnhq.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/capnhq.cfg/php/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=702&p_created=1040401186&p_sid=398yZr*i&p_accessibility=0&p_redirect=&p_lva=&p_sp=cF9zcmNoPTEmcF9zb3J0X2J5PSZwX2dyaWRzb3J0PSZwX3Jvd19jbnQ9NiZwX3Byb2RzPSZwX2NhdHM9MCZwX3B2PSZwX2N2PSZwX3NlYXJjaF90eXBlPWFuc3dlcnMuc2VhcmNoX25sJnBfcGFnZT0xJnBfc2VhcmNoX3RleHQ9cGVyY2VudGFnZXM*&p_li=&p_topview=1 |title=Percentage of cadets earning Mitchell, Earhart, Eaker and Spaatz |access-date=21 June 2011 |work=CAP Knowledgebase }}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Accelerated promotions are available for CAP cadets who are also enrolled in [[Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps]] units.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/R052_016_2011_02_BFAB729553AB1.pdf |title=Memorandum For All CAP Unit Commanders: Interim Change Letter – CAPR 52-16, Cadet Program Management |website=Gocivilairpatrol.com |date=1 July 2016 |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref>

Cadets that transfer to the senior member side between the ages of 18 and 20 receive the grade of flight officer (if the highest cadet award earned was the Mitchell), technical flight officer (if the highest cadet award earned was the Earhart) or senior flight officer (if the highest cadet award earned was the Spaatz) after completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training.<ref name=":0" /> If the cadet waits until their 21st birthday, at which point they are ''required'' to transfer to the senior member program, they are eligible for the grade of second lieutenant (if the highest cadet award was the Mitchell), first lieutenant (if the highest cadet award was the Earhart), or captain (if the highest cadet award was the Spaatz).<ref name="CAPR52-16" /> After completion of Level 2, Part one of Senior Member training.<ref name=":0" />

==== Activities ====
{{Main|National Cadet Special Activities}}
[[File:Members of CAP Coastal Charleston Composite Squadron (120206-F-AV409-071).jpg|thumb|Two cadets speak to a senior member in front of a Cessna 172.]]

Cadets under the age of 18 are eligible for ten orientation flights in Civil Air Patrol [[aircraft]], including five [[Glider aircraft|glider]] and five [[airplane]] flights. Glider flights can be replaced by "powered" flights at the discretion of the Wing Commander, depending on the availability of the aircraft. Cadets are also eligible for an unlimited number of back-seat airplane flights if conditions allow. Cadets over 18 years of age can still participate in military orientation flights, and some CAP wings have flight academies where cadets can learn to fly. The [[United States Air Force]] and [[United States Army]] also frequently schedule orientation flights for CAP cadets in transport aircraft such as the [[KC-135 Stratotanker]], [[KC-10 Extender]], [[C-130 Hercules]] and the [[C-17 Globemaster III]] or, in the case of the Army, [[UH-60 Black Hawk]] and [[CH-47 Chinook]] [[helicopter]]s.<ref name="OrientationFlights">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/documents/u_082503081932.pdf |title=Cadet Orientation Flight Syllabus |access-date=11 May 2008 |date=1 May 2007 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517184432/http://level2.cap.gov/documents/u_082503081932.pdf |archive-date=17 May 2008}}</ref>

Civil Air Patrol's core cadet activity is the summer encampment. Typically a seven to ten-day event, cadets are put into an intense, military-structured environment with emphasis on physically and mentally demanding tasks, in addition to required classes and activities. These classes include aerospace education, United States Air Force organization, cadet programs, and drug demand reduction. Activities include classroom courses, physical training, leadership development, and drill & ceremonies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/Encampment_Manual_June_2014_1F6A5D093CD05.pdf |title=Cadet Encampment Guide |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |date=1 June 2014 |access-date=23 June 2015 |id=CAPP 52-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624020223/http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/Encampment_Manual_June_2014_1F6A5D093CD05.pdf |archive-date=24 June 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Encampments are usually held at the wing (state) level and, when available are usually at military installations, preferably active United States Air Force, [[Air Force Reserve Command]] or [[Air National Guard]] installations, with military support.<ref name="CAPR52-16" />

The Region Cadet Leadership Schools (RCLS) provide training to increase knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding leadership and management. Cadets who attend RCLS are often serving in, or preparing to enter, cadet leadership positions within their squadron. RCLSs are conducted at region level, or at wing level with region approval. The RCLS programs are more or less modeled on USAFA upperclassmen programs, the college Air Force ROTC Professional Officer Course (POC) and the latter stages of OTS. One variation on this theme are CAP Cadet Non-Commissioned Officer Schools and Academies, which are cadet NCO schools designed to teach basic leadership and principles to cadet leaders during their earlier duty positions in the cadet program.<ref name="CAPR52-16" />

At the national level, cadets are allowed to participate in the [[National Blue Beret]] program, where they help support operations during the [[EAA AirVenture Oshkosh]] event.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nbb.cap.gov/ |title=National Blue Beret-NBB Civil Air Patrol |access-date=5 February 2022 |archive-date=24 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124163325/http://nbb.cap.gov/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== Oath ====
Cadets ascribe to the following oath during their membership, and must recite it from memory before gaining their C/Amn promotion :

''I pledge that I will serve faithfully in the Civil Air Patrol Cadet Program, and that I will attend meetings regularly, participate actively in unit activities, obey my officers, wear my uniform properly, and advance my education and training rapidly to prepare myself to be of service to my community, state, and nation.'' <ref name="oath">{{cite web |url=http://capnhq.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/613/~/cap-oath |title=CAP oath |work=CAP Knowledgebase |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |access-date=18 August 2017}}{{dead link|date=April 2022}}</ref>

One requirement for promotion in the Cadet Program is the ability to recite this oath, verbatim, from memory.<ref name="CAPR52-16" />

===Aerospace education member===
Aerospace education members (AEM) are formal or informal educators at the kindergarten to grade 12 level (K-12) at schools, youth organizations, and libraries. The AEM does not belong to, or attend meetings of, a local squadron, nor wear a uniform. These members are eligible to receive K-12 books, [[STEM]] kits, and student materials. They are also eligible to participate in free Teacher Orientation Program flights.<ref>{{cite web | date = n.d. | website = Civil Air Patrol | title = Educators | access-date = 6 August 2022 | url = https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/programs/aerospace-education/for-educators}}</ref>

== Relationship to the military ==
While CAP is chartered by Congress and is the auxiliary of the Air Force, it is not an operating [[military reserve force|reserve component]] under the United States Air Force or the federal government. The [[United States Secretary of the Air Force|Secretary of the Air Force]] may use the services of Civil Air Patrol to fulfill the non-combat programs and missions of the [[United States Department of the Air Force|Department of the Air Force]].<ref name="U9442">{{UnitedStatesCode|10|9442}}</ref>

Civil Air Patrol members are not subject to the [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]] and do not have command or authority over any members of the United States military. Similarly, military officers have no command authority over CAP members. As part of recognition of CAP's service to the USAF, however, senior members in the grade of second lieutenant and above are allowed to wear the "U.S." collar insignia as an official part of their dress blue uniform. All CAP members are required to render [[military courtesy|military courtesies]] to all members of the US military and those of friendly foreign nations; however, as CAP officers are not commissioned by the [[President of the United States]], military personnel are not required to render military courtesies to CAP personnel, though this can be done as a courtesy. CAP members, however, are expected to render military courtesies to one another.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

Although CAP retains the title "United States Air Force Auxiliary" this auxiliary status only applies when CAP members and resources are on a United States Air Force-assigned mission with an Air Force-assigned mission number.<ref name="U9442" /> When CAP resources are engaged in a [[USAF]] mission they are reimbursed by the Air Force for communications expenses, fuel and oil, and a share of aircraft maintenance expenses. In addition, CAP members are covered by the [[Employees' Compensation Appeals Board|Federal Employees Compensation Act (FECA)]] in the event of injury while participating in the mission.<ref name="SARAgencies" /> At all other times, such as when aiding civilian authorities, CAP remains and acts as a private, non-profit corporation.<ref name="10USC909">{{cite web |url=http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/10C909.txt |title=10 USC Chapter 909 – Civil Air Patrol |access-date=11 May 2008 |date=3 January 2007 |work=Office of the Law Revision Counsel |publisher=United States House of Representatives |format=TXT |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430233957/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/10C909.txt |archive-date=30 April 2008}}</ref>

The USAF's [[Air Combat Command]] (ACC), through [[1st Air Force]], is the parent command of CAP.<ref name="Organizational Structure">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/documents/u_081403100614.pdf |title=Organizational Structure |access-date=4 April 2008 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411043030/http://level2.cap.gov/documents/u_081403100614.pdf |archive-date=11 April 2008}}</ref> In October 2002, the USAF announced plans to move CAP "operational" mission activities from the Air Force's operations directorate (HAF/A3) to the Air Force's newly created homeland security directorate.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

In an announcement on 28 August 2015 by Gen. [[Mark Welsh]], [[Air Force Chief of Staff]], Civil Air Patrol is included in the U.S. Air Force's definition of the "total force". To accomplish this, the USAF updated Doctrine Volume 2, ''Leadership'', to expand the descriptions of total force and "Airmen" to consist of active duty Air Force, Air National Guard, Air Force Reserve, Air Force Auxiliary, and Air Force Civilian Service members.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/223/Article/615251/civil-air-patrol-joins-total-force-airmen.aspx |title=Civil Air Patrol joins total force 'Airmen' |publisher=[[United States Air Force]] |last=Stanfield |first=Whitney |date=28 August 2015 |access-date=29 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.capvolunteernow.com/todays-features/?cap_added_to_air_force_total_force&show=news&newsID=20644 |title=CAP Added To Air Force Total Force |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |date=28 August 2015 |access-date=29 August 2015}}</ref> Part of that Total Force inclusion was a realignment in the responsible command which moved Civil Air Patrol-U.S. Air Force ('''CAP-USAF''') from [[Air Education and Training Command]] through the Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accession and Citizen Development at Maxwell AFB, Alabama, to [[Air Combat Command]] through [[1st Air Force]]. This change took place on 24 June 2016.<ref name="afmag20160629">{{cite news |url=http://www.airforcemag.com/DRArchive/Pages/2016/June%202016/June%2029%202016/ACC-Assumes-Authority-for-CAP.aspx |title=ACC Assumes Authority for CAP |work=[[Air Force Magazine]] |date=29 June 2016 |access-date=3 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="1AF20160624">{{cite news |url=http://www.1af.acc.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/5782/Article/812037/1st-air-force-participates-in-civil-air-patrol-transfer-of-authority-ceremony.aspx |title=1st Air Force participates in Civil Air Patrol Transfer of Authority ceremony |work=1st Air Force |date=24 June 2016 |access-date=3 July 2016}}</ref>

== Uniforms ==
Civil Air Patrol's uniforms provide a distinctive and standard set of uniform items intended to provide a positive public image, build morale, and enhance the professionalism of the organization's membership.<ref name="M39-1">{{cite web |url=http://capmembers.com/media/cms/M391_E6F33EAAEC28A.pdf |title=CAP Uniform Manual |date=26 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |archive-date=26 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626112026/http://www.capmembers.com/media/cms/M391_E6F33EAAEC28A.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

CAP members wear the same uniforms as active duty, guard, and reserve members, but worn with distinctive emblems, insignia, and badges to identify them as CAP members; these are categorized as "USAF-style uniforms". USAF-style uniforms may be worn by all cadets under age 18, and by cadets over age 18 and senior members who meet height and weight standards set by CAP's uniform manual.<ref name="M39-1" />
In addition, CAP has a series of what are categorized as "Corporate-style uniforms" which may be worn by all senior members, and also by those cadets over age 18 who do not meet height and weight standards set for the USAF-style uniform.<ref name="M39-1" />

Uniforms are categorized in CAP's uniform manual by the environment in which the uniform is to be worn or the work to be accomplished.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:115px;"| Type
! scope="col" | Purpose
! scope="col" style="width:160px;"| USAF-style uniforms
! scope="col" style="width:160px;"| Corporate-style uniforms
|-
| Dress uniforms || These uniforms are worn for social functions of a formal and/or official nature (e.g., black tie affairs). The tuxedo is the civilian equivalent. ||
* Mess Dress
* AF Semi-Formal Uniform (authorized for cadets only)
 ||
* Corporate Semi-Formal Uniform
* Appropriate Civilian Attire
|-
| Service uniforms || Service uniforms are the everyday uniform for CAP business. The appropriate combination depends on the commander's direction and the type of event, but these uniforms are usually worn for unit meetings, professional development events, conferences, etc. ||
* Service Dress Uniform (Class A)
* Blue Service Uniform (Class B)
 ||
* Corporate Service Dress Uniform
* Aviator Shirt Uniform
* Corporate Working Uniform
|-
| Working uniforms || These working uniforms are the appropriate uniform in a flying, field, or mission environment. The choice of which combination is appropriate depends on the commander's direction and the type of event. The Corporate Working Uniform may be worn in a flying, field or mission setting when the USAF-style Class B or Aviator Shirt Uniform would be worn. ||
* Airman Duty Uniform (ADU)
* Flight Duty Uniform (FDU)
 ||
* CAP Field Uniform
* Corporate Flight Duty Uniform
* Corporate Working Uniform
|}

These uniform types are composed of:<ref name="M39-1" />

[[File:Civil Air Patrol Cadet Airmen Battle Uniform.jpg|thumb|Civil Air Patrol cadet wearing Airman Battle Uniform (ABU)]]
* [[Uniforms of the United States Air Force|United States Air Force-style uniforms]]:
** [[Uniforms of the United States Air Force#Service dress|Service Dress Uniform]] (Class A)&nbsp;– the United States Air Force's service dress uniform, consisting of dark blue trousers, light blue shirt with tie, dark blue jacket, and a flight or service cap. Rank is indicated on CAP-distinctive gray [[epaulets]] (for senior member officers) or sleeve stripes (for senior member non-commissioned officers). Cadet ranks are shown by [[epaulets]], metal grade insignia.
** Blue Service Uniform (Class B)&nbsp;– identical to the service dress uniform, except without the dark blue jacket. The tie is optional when in short sleeves. Cadet enlisted and NCOs wear metal grade insignia on the collar.
** [[Airman Battle Uniform]] (ABU) – the digital tiger stripe style United States Air Force field uniform, which was phased out by the USAF in 2021, with dark blue name tapes, silver text, metal insignia on the collar for enlisted grade cadets, and cloth insignia for cadet officers and senior members. (Phase in beginning 15 June 2016, mandatory wear date is 15 June 2021)
** [[Uniforms of the United States Air Force#Combat uniforms|Flight Duty Uniform]] (FDU)&nbsp;– green [[Nomex]] one-piece CWU 27/P [[flight suit]] worn by United States Air Force flight crews, styled similar to [[Air Mobility Command]] flight crews, but with CAP insignia. This is worn by CAP flight personnel only.
** [[Uniforms of the United States Air Force#Mess dress|Mess Dress Uniform]]&nbsp;– the dark blue United States Air Force mess dress uniform with CAP-distinctive insignia and sleeve braid. This is worn by senior members only.
* Corporate-style ("CAP distinctive") uniforms:
** Corporate Field Uniform&nbsp;– a dark blue version of the battle dress uniform.
** Aviator Shirt Uniform&nbsp;– an aviator white shirt with gray [[epaulets]], and gray trousers.
** Corporate Flight Duty Uniform&nbsp;– a dark blue version of the one-piece flight suit made of [[Nomex]] or cotton material.
** Corporate Service Dress Uniform&nbsp;– a dark blue blazer jacket worn with a white shirt, gray trousers, and a CAP or United States Air Force tie.
** Corporate Working Uniform&nbsp;– a dark blue short-sleeve polo shirt with the CAP seal screened or embroidered on the chest, and gray trousers. This is only worn by senior members.

== Equipment ==
[[File:Civil Air Patrol Cessna 172 on flight line.jpg|thumb|Civil Air Patrol Cessna 172]]

Civil Air Patrol operates and maintains fixed-wing aircraft, training [[Glider (aircraft)|gliders]], ground vehicles, and a national radio communications network.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

Civil Air Patrol owns and operates a fleet of predominantly [[Cessna 172]] Skyhawk and [[Cessna 182 Skylane]] aircraft. The aircraft are in a phased refurbishment program that began in 2008, replacing engines, interior, avionics, and paint at a lower cost than new purchases.<ref name="AFNORTH" /><ref name="aftimes20121121">{{cite news |url=http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2012/11/air-force-airpatrol-112112w/ |title=GAO pushes Civil Air Patrol expansion |work=[[Air Force Times]] |first=Brian |last=Everstine |date=21 November 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130116130710/http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2012/11/air-force-airpatrol-112112w/ |archive-date=16 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="aopapilot201501">{{cite journal |url=http://www.aopa.org/News-and-Video/All-News/2014/October/31/CAP-extends-fleet-life-10-years |title=Civil Air Patrol extends fleet life 10 years |journal=AOPA Pilot |first=Alton K. |last=Marsh |page=46 |date=January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107231707/http://www.aopa.org/News-and-Video/All-News/2014/October/31/CAP-extends-fleet-life-10-years |archive-date=7 January 2015 |url-status=dead |access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref>

In 2003, the Australian designed and built eight-seat [[GippsAero GA8 Airvan]] was added to the fleet. Sixteen of Civil Air Patrol's fleet of 18 Airvans carry the [[Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance]] (ARCHER) system, which can be used to search for aircraft wreckage based on its spectral signature. Other aircraft types include the [[Cessna 206]] and the [[Maule M-7|Maule MT-235]]. CAP also has a number of gliders, such as the [[LET L-23 Super Blaník]], the [[Schleicher ASK 21]] and the [[Schweizer SGS 2-33]], used mainly for cadet orientation flights.<ref name="AFNORTH" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caphistory.org/the_airplanes.html#today |title=The Airplanes&nbsp;– Today |access-date=13 May 2008 |work=The National Museum of the Civil Air Patrol |publisher=CAP Historical Foundation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209180622/http://www.caphistory.org/the_airplanes.html |archive-date=9 February 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Civil Air Patrol Cessna 182T at DuPage Airport 02.jpg|thumb|Two Civil Air Patrol Cessna 182s]]

In addition to CAP's own corporate fleet, many member-owned aircraft are made available for official tasking by CAP's volunteers should the need arise. Aircraft on search missions are generally crewed by at least three qualified aircrew members: a [[aircraft pilot|mission pilot]], responsible for the safe flying of the aircraft; a ''mission observer'', responsible for [[navigation]], communications and coordination of the mission as well as ground observation; and a ''mission scanner'' who is responsible for looking for crash sites and damage clues. Additionally, the mission scanner may double as a [[satellite digital imaging system]] (SDIS) operator. Larger aircraft may have additional scanners aboard, providing greater visual coverage. Because of the additional ARCHER equipment, the crew of a Civil Air Patrol GA8 Airvan may also include an operator of the ARCHER system, depending upon the requirements of the mission and the capabilities of the aircraft.<ref name="CAPfactsheet" />

CAP owns over 1,000 vehicles (mostly vans for carrying personnel) and assigns them to units for use in the organization's missions.<ref name="CAPfactsheet" /> Members who use their own vehicles are reimbursed for fuel, oil and communications costs during a USAF-assigned emergency services mission.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

[[File:EM N9459M (2849269228).jpg|thumb|Civil Air Patrol Cessna 206]]

CAP operates a national radio network of [[High frequency|HF]] (SSB) and [[Very high frequency|VHF]] (FM) radio [[repeater]]s. There are over 500 of these repeaters strategically located across the United States.<ref name="AFNORTH" /> Radio communications are now facilitated under [[National Telecommunications and Information Administration|NTIA]] specifications, to which Civil Air Patrol directorates have applied even more stringent standards.<ref name="ReferenceA">https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/R100_001_162D77B8183A1.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> CAP's radio network is designed for use during a national or regional emergency when existing telephone and Internet communications infrastructure is not available.<ref name="radio">{{cite web |url=http://level2.cap.gov/visitors/programs/operations/communications/radios_radio_network.cfm |title=Radios and Radio Network |access-date=10 May 2008 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511173929/http://level2.cap.gov/visitors/programs/operations/communications/radios_radio_network.cfm |archive-date=11 May 2008}}</ref> Outside of such emergencies, most of CAP's internal communications are conducted on the Internet. CAP Units are allowed to use radio [[encryption]] when working with other agencies on sensitive missions, or when on a network that requires encryption.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

[[File:CAP Gippsland GA8 Airvan at West Houston Airport.jpg|thumb|Civil Air Patrol GippsAero GA8]]
[[File:Civil Air Patrol - HF Net.png|thumb|upright|A senior member conducts an HF radio net]]

Some aircraft in the CAP fleet are equipped with the [[satellite digital imaging system|SDIS]]. This system allows CAP to send back real-time images of a disaster or crash site to anyone with an e-mail address, allowing the mission coordinators to make more informed decisions. There are approximately 100 federally funded SDIS systems strategically located across the United States, with more than 20 additional systems funded by state and local governments.<ref name="SDIS">{{cite web |url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/capusaf/documents/CAP%20SDIS%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20September%202007.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529041708/http://www.au.af.mil/au/capusaf/documents/CAP%20SDIS%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20September%202007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 May 2008 |title=CAP SDIS Fact Sheet |access-date=10 May 2008 |date=September 2007 |publisher=[[United States Air Force]]}}</ref>

The ARCHER imaging system, mounted aboard the GA8 Airvan, uses visible and near-infrared light to examine the surface of the Earth and find suspected crash sites, evaluate areas affected by disasters, or examine foliage from an airborne perspective in order to flag possible [[Cannabis (drug)|marijuana]] plantations. Both the SDIS and ARCHER systems were used to great success in the response to [[Hurricane Katrina]]; ARCHER may be used in coordination with the SDIS system.<ref name="ARCHERHSI">{{cite web |url=http://www.spacecomputer.com/systems/archer.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601014157/http://www.spacecomputer.com/systems/archer.html |title=ARCHER HSI System |archive-date=1 June 2008 |publisher=Space Computer Corporation |quote=CAP has found many additional uses for ARCHER, including missions for homeland security, disaster assessment, and drug interdiction. |url-status=dead}}</ref>

A hand-held radio direction finder, most commonly the [[L-Tronics]] Little L-Per, is used by ground teams to search for downed aircraft.
The ground teams carry equipment on their person that they use while in the field. This equipment includes flashlights, signal mirrors, tactical vests, safety vests, and food that will last them at least 24&nbsp;hours.<ref name="GTMUDFTASK">{{cite web |url=http://www.cap.gov/documents/u_052704140516.pdf |title=Ground & Urban Direction Finding Team Tasks |access-date=4 September 2008 |date=24 May 2004 |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910072213/http://www.cap.gov/documents/u_052704140516.pdf |archive-date=10 September 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The equipment carried by ground teams varies much by the mission at hand. Urban [[direction finding]] (UDF) missions necessitate only a small kit of gear. But intensive mountain search and rescue can require packs that provide for up to 72 hours of operational supplies and tools for the location, rescue and extraction of lost or crashed parties. This gear includes the above, plus additional water, meals, and survival gear. Although a standardized list is provided by the national command, many teams modify the list to match the needs of the mission.<ref name="GSAR">{{cite web |url=http://www.coloradowingcap.org/ColoradoWingCAP/GSARSchool/tabid/605/Default.aspx |title=GSAR School |work=ColoradoWingCAP.org |access-date=14 October 2009 |archive-date=1 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301044630/http://www.coloradowingcap.org/ColoradoWingCAP/GSARSchool/tabid/605/Default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Several states have legislation in place to help transfer surplus equipment to Civil Air Patrol. For example, Texas considers [[Texas Wing Civil Air Patrol|its wing]] a state agency, and therefore legally allowed to acquire surplus or salvage property,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/GV/htm/GV.2175.htm |title=Tex. Gov't Code § 2175.004 |publisher=Texas State Legislature |date=1 September 2015 |access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> while [[Alaska]] has a program for transferring [[asset forfeiture|forfeited]] aircraft to the [[Alaska Wing Civil Air Patrol|Alaska Wing]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://law.justia.com/codes/alaska/2016/title-18/chapter-18.60/article-02/section-18.60.148/ |title=AK Stat § 18.60.148 |publisher=[[Justia]] |date=2016 |access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref>

== Funding ==
Civil Air Patrol is a [[nonprofit organization|non-profit]] corporation established by [[Public Law 79-476]]. It receives its funding from four major sources: membership dues, corporate donations, Congressional appropriations, and private [[donation]]s.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}

Squadron and group financial support comes from donations and fundraising. Some units charge their own membership dues above and beyond CAP membership dues. These donations and fundraisers are how the squadrons and groups pay for their equipment, rent for facilities, and activities at the local level. A portion of funds are proceeds made during fundraisers. These are organized by individual squadrons and often include prizes for the cadets who sell the most tickets.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/Raffles_DA7DD8483C4AD.doc |title=Raffles & Unrelated Business Income |publisher=Civil Air Patrol}}</ref> Cadets that sell [[Raffle|tickets]] will receive 50% of the proceeds they made in a personal CAP "bank" in that squadron. These funds do not transfer if a cadet transfers to a different squadron or wing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/R039_002_A74FDA9552C2D.pdf |title=CAP Regulation 39-2: Civil Air Patrol Membership |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |date=9 January 2017}}</ref>

Today, apart from member dues, Civil Air Patrol receives funding from donations and grants from individuals, foundations and corporations; from grants and payments from state governments for patrolling and other tasks as agreed by memorandums of understanding; and from federal funding for reimbursement of fuel, oil and maintenance plus capital expenses for aircraft, vehicles and communications equipment.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

There are few paid positions in Civil Air Patrol. Most are located at National Headquarters, although some wings have paid administrators or accountants.<ref name="capgovemployment">{{cite web |url=http://gocivilairpatrol.com/cap_home/employment/ |title=Employment |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |access-date=2 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109220711/http://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/cap_home/employment/ |archive-date=9 January 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> During 2011, Civil Air Patrol had 182 paid employees.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2012/756/037/2012-756037853-099e513d-9.pdf |title=IRS Form 990 |agency=Civil Air Patrol |publisher=[[GuideStar]] |date=2011 |access-date=11 November 2014}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Aviation|Society|United States}}
* [[Awards and decorations of the Civil Air Patrol|Awards and decorations of Civil Air Patrol]]
* [[Civil Air Patrol National Cadet Competition]]
* [[National Blue Beret|Civil Air Patrol National Blue Beret]]
* [[Cadets (youth program)]]
* Other search and rescue organizations
** [[United States Coast Guard Auxiliary]]
** [[State defense force]]s
** [[Explorer Search and Rescue]] – Boy Scouts of America program
** [[Civil Air Support]] – United Kingdom civil aviation program

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite web |url=http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/u_082503081737.pdf |title=CAP Pamphlet 50-5: Introduction to Civil Air Patrol |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |date=1 August 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325035424/http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/u_082503081737.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2009}}
* {{cite book |url=https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/programs/cadets/library/l2l |title=Learn to Lead |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |year=2010}}
* {{cite book |url=http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/cadet_programs/new_cadet_help/chapter_1_leadership.cfm |title=Leadership for the 21st Century |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |year=2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314075624/http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/cadet_programs/new_cadet_help/chapter_1_leadership.cfm |archive-date=14 March 2016}}
* {{cite web |url=http://cap.gov/ |title=Civil Air Patrol National Website |publisher=Civil Air Patrol |year=2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104143941/http://cap.gov/ |archive-date=4 January 2007}}
* {{cite web |url=http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/AFI_102701.pdf |title=Air Force Instruction 10-2701: Organization and Function of the Civil Air Patrol |publisher=United States Air Force |via=Civil Air Patrol |date=29 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709151036/http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/AFI_102701.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2016}}
* {{cite book |url=https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/AUPress/Books/B_0168_BLAZICH_AN_HONORABLE_PLACE_IN_AMERICAN_AIR_POWER_CIVIL_AIR_PATROL_COSTAL_PATROL_OPERATIONS_1942_1943.PDF |title ="An Honorable Place in American Air Power": Civil Patrol Coastal Patrol Operations, 1942-1943 |publisher=Air University Press |location=Maxwell AFB, AL |first=Frank A. |last=Blazich |year=2020 |isbn=9781585663057 |oclc=1154121175 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/heronextdoor0000burn |title=Hero Next Door: Story of the Civilian Volunteers of the Civil Air Patrol |publisher=Aero Publishers |location=Fallbrook |first=Frank A. |last=Burnham |year=1974 |isbn=0816864500 |oclc=979443 |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/FlyingMinuteMen |title=Flying Minute Men: The Story of the Civil Air Patrol |publisher=Duell, Sloan and Pearce |location=New York City |first=Robert E. |last=Neprud |year=1948 |oclc=401797}}
* {{cite book |url=http://archive.cadetstuff.org/features/squadron_alert/ |title=Squadron Alert! A Civil Air Patrol Adventure Story |publisher=Dodd, Mead and Company |location=New York City |first=John B. |last=Stanley |year=1954 |oclc=1512370 |access-date=26 February 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140226143621/http://archive.cadetstuff.org/features/squadron_alert/ |archive-date=26 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://www.cap.news/ Civil Air Patrol Newsroom]
* [https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com/media/cms/CAPFactSheet2021HR_16EF7F7FDB51E.pdf Civil Air Patrol 2021 Fact Sheet]
* [https://history.cap.gov/ Civil Air Patrol National History Program]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061205043707/http://caphistory.org/ Civil Air Patrol Historical Foundation and National Museum]
* [http://www.spaatz.org/ Spaatz Association]

{{CAP by state}}
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{{Military and Police Auxiliary Organizations within the United States}}
{{US military navbox}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Civil Air Patrol| ]]
[[Category:1941 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Nonpartisan organizations in the United States]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Montgomery, Alabama]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1941]]
[[Category:Patriotic and national organizations chartered by the United States Congress]]
[[Category:United States home front during World War II]]