View source for Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary

{{Short description|Protected marine area in Lake Michigan off Wisconsin, United States}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name            = Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary
| alt_name        = 
| iucn_category   = 
| photo           = File:Wreck of Niagara in Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary.PNG
| photo_alt       = A diver swims near a shipwreck.
| photo_caption   = A [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] [[Maritime archaeology|maritime archaeologist]] conducts a site survey of the wreck of the vessel ''Niagara'' in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary on June&nbsp;8,&nbsp;2022.
| photo_width     = 300
| map             = 
| map_alt         = 
| map_caption     = 
| map_width       = 
| location        = [[Lake Michigan]], off [[Wisconsin]], [[United States]]
| nearest_city    = 
| coordinates     = {{coord|44.0|-87.6|format=dms|region:US_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} and vicinity
| coords_ref      = <ref>Approximation based on coordinates at {{cite web|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/06/23/2021-12846/wisconsin-shipwreck-coast-national-marine-sanctuary-designation-final-regulations|title=Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary Designation; Final Regulations|publisher=NOAA via Federal Register|date=June 23, 2021 |access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref>
| area            = 726 sq nmi {{nowrap|(962 sq mi;}} {{nowrap|2,490 km<sup>2</sup>)}}
| established     = {{start date and age|2021|10|9}}
| visitation_num  = 
| visitation_year = 
| governing_body  = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] [[United States National Marine Sanctuary|Office of National Marine Sanctuaries]]
| world_heritage_site = 
| url             = https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/wisconsin/
}}
[[File:Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sancutary NOAA map 2021.PNG|thumb|300px|NOAA map of the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary. Red stars indicate shipwrecks on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], red dots are other known shipwrecks, and green dots indicate potential locations of undiscovered shipwrecks.]]
[[File:Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sancutary lakebed mapping image.PNG|thumb|300px|Lakebed mapping image of the sanctuary]]

The '''Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary''' is a [[National Marine Sanctuary|national marine sanctuary]]<ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMSpress>[https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/news/press/wisconsin/ National Marine Sanctuaries press release: Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary Accessed 29 June 2021]</ref> administered by the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA), an agency of the [[United States Department of Commerce]]; NOAA co-manages the sanctuary jointly with the [[Government of Wisconsin|State of Wisconsin]]. It is located in [[Lake Michigan]] along the coast of [[Wisconsin]]. It was created in 2021 as the 15th national marine sanctuary and protects [[shipwreck]]s considered nationally important [[Archaeology|archaeological]] resources.<ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMS>[https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/wisconsin/ National Marine Sanctuaries: Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary Accessed 29 June 2021]</ref>

==Description==

The Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary covers approximately 726 square nautical miles {{nowrap|(962 sq mi;}} {{nowrap|2,490 km<sup>2</sup>)}}<ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMS/><ref name=fedregister20210623>{{cite web|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/06/23/2021-12846/wisconsin-shipwreck-coast-national-marine-sanctuary-designation-final-regulations|title=Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary Designation; Final Regulations|publisher=NOAA via Federal Register|date=June 23, 2021 |access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref><ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMSmediadoc>[https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/media/docs/wisconsin-shipwreck-coast-national-marine-sanctuary.pdf National Marine Sanctuaries media document: Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary Accessed 29 June 2021]</ref><ref name=noaanews20210622>[https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/noaa-designates-new-national-marine-sanctuary-in-wisconsin-s-lake-michigan NOAA News "NOAA designates new national marine sanctuary in Wisconsin’s Lake Michigan," June 22, 2021 Accessed 29 June 2021]</ref> in Lake Michigan off Wisconsin's [[Ozaukee County|Ozaukee]], [[Sheboygan County|Sheboygan]], [[Manitowoc County|Manitowoc]], and [[Kewaunee County|Kewaunee]] counties.<ref name=fedregister20210623/> It includes approximately {{convert|82|mi|km}} of Wisconsin′s coast<ref name=fedregister20210623/> and lies entirely within the state waters of Wisconsin,<ref name=fedregister20210623/> extending approximately {{convert|7|to|16|mi|nmi km}} from the coast.<ref name=fedregister20210623/> Principal cities along the coast include [[Port Washington, Wisconsin|Port Washington]], [[Sheboygan, Wisconsin|Sheboygan]], [[Manitowoc, Wisconsin|Manitowoc]], and [[Two Rivers, Wisconsin|Two Rivers]], Wisconsin.<ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=noaanews20210622/>

At the time of its designation in 2021, the sanctuary included 36 known shipwrecks<ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMS/><ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMSmediadoc/><ref name=noaanews20210622/><ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=Looby20240321>{{cite web |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/local/wisconsin/2024/03/21/what-to-know-about-wisconsins-marine-sanctuary-in-lake-michigan/73022115007/ |title=Wisconsin’s national marine sanctuary is a museum beneath the water. Here’s what to know. |last=Looby |first=Caitlin |date=March 21, 2024 |website=jsonline.com |publisher=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |access-date=October 1, 2024}}</ref> dating from the 1830s to 1930,<ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMSmediadoc/><ref name=Looby20240321/> including Wisconsin's two oldest known shipwrecks in terms of vessel construction date,<ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=noaanews20210622/> the [[schooner]]s {{ship||Gallinipper||2}}, which was constructed in 1833 and sank in 1851, and {{ship||Home|schooner|2}}, which was built in 1843 and sank in 1858.<ref>[https://www.marinetechnologynews.com/news/proposed-sanctuaries-protect-historic-543474 Haun, Eric, "Proposed Sanctuaries Aim to Protect Historic Shipwrecks," Marine Technology News January 6, 2017 Accessed 1 July 2021]</ref><ref>[https://www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org/Vessel/Details/230?region=MidLakeMichigan Wisconsin Shipwrecks: GALLINIPPER (1832) Accessed 1 July 2021]</ref><ref>[https://www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org/Vessel/Details/277?region=MidLakeMichigan Wisconsin Shipwrecks: HOME (1843) Accessed 1 July 2021]</ref> The wrecks provide a cross-section of the types of ships that connected Wisconsin with other [[Great Lakes]] ports between the early 1800s and the 20th century.<ref name=noaanews20210622/> Archival research indicates that the sanctuary could include another 59 or 60 such shipwrecks (sources provide both figures) that have yet to be discovered.<ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMS/><ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMSmediadoc/><ref name=noaanews20210622/><ref name=Looby20240321/> Twenty-one of the known shipwrecks were listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] when the sanctuary was designated;<ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMSmediadoc/><ref name=noaanews20210622/> by March 2024, 27 of the shipwrecks were listed.<ref name=Looby20240321/> Thanks to the cold, fresh water of Lake Michigan, several of the known shipwrecks were essentially intact and looked much like they did when they sank.<ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMSmediadoc/><ref name=noaanews20210622/><ref name=Looby20240321/>

NOAA and the [[Government of Wisconsin|State of Wisconsin]] jointly manage the sanctuary.<ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMSpress/><ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMS/><ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMSmediadoc/><ref name=noaanews20210622/><ref name=Looby20240321/>

==History==
[[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous peoples]] used the waters of what is now the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary for trade, communication, and sustenance, for thousands of years before [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]] arrived in the area, and it is likely that they left artifacts behind on the bottom of Lake Michigan.<ref name=Looby20240321/> After Europeans began to explore and settle the area, storms and other incidents took their toll on ships, and as of March 2024 Lake Michigan as a whole contained an estimated 780 shipwrecks, of which approximately 250 had been discovered.<ref name=Looby20240321/> The waters included in the sanctuary are some of the best-understood in Lake Michigan.<ref name=Looby20240321/>

===Designation===
[[File:Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sancutary visitors marina Sheboygan 2017.png|thumb|Visitors at a [[marina]] in [[Sheboygan, Wisconsin|Sheboygan]], [[Wisconsin]], during a "Get Into Your Sanctuary" event for the future sanctuary in&nbsp;2017.]]
[[File:BaldwinSpinradNRT-27oct21-300.jpg|thumb|[[NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps]] Navigation Response Team officers speak with U.S. Senator [[Tammy Baldwin]] and NOAA Administrator Dr. [[Rick Spinrad]] at the [[Wisconsin Maritime Museum]] in [[Manitowoc, Wisconsin|Manitowoc]], Wisconsin, during the ceremony finalizing and celebrating the establishment of the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary.]]

In 2008, the [[Wisconsin Historical Society]] published a report titled "Wisconsin's Historic Shipwrecks: An Overview and Analysis of Locations for a State/Federal Partnership with the National Marine Sanctuary Program, 2008."<ref name=fedregister20210623/> Drawing on this report, the State of Wisconsin on December 2, 2014, submitted a nomination asking NOAA to consider designating the area as a national marine sanctuary.<ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=noaahistory>[https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/wisconsin/about/ "History of the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast NMS Designation," noaa.gov Accessed September 5, 2023]</ref> On February 5, 2015, NOAA added the area to its inventory of nominated areas eligible for designation as national marine sanctuaries.<ref name=fedregister20210623/> On October 7, 2015, NOAA announced its intention to designate the area as a sanctuary,<ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMS/><ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=noaahistory/> initiating a 90-day public comment period during which NOAA held three public meetings on the designation in November 2015.<ref name=noaahistory/> On January 9, 2017, NOAA published a notice of its intention to designate a {{convert|1,075|sqmi|sqkm|adj=on}} area<ref name=fedregister20210623/> as the '''Wisconsin-Lake Michigan National Marine Sanctuary''', containing the sites of 37 known historic shipwrecks.<ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=noaahistory/> An 81-day public comment period and a series of four meetings in the Wisconsin towns of [[Algoma, Wisconsin|Algoma]], Manitowoc, Sheboygan, and Port Washington during the week of March 13, 2017, followed which led NOAA to alter the sanctuary's boundaries, reducing its area to {{convert|926|sqmi|sqkm}}, including 36 known historic shipwrecks, and to change its name to '''Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary'''.<ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=noaahistory/> However, [[President of the United States|President]] [[Donald Trump]], who took office on January&nbsp;20,&nbsp;2017, signed an [[executive order]] prohibiting the naming of most new national marine sanctuaries in order to allow more [[offshore drilling]] for [[Crude oil|oil]] and [[natural gas]] in the waters of the United States, prompting Wisconsin [[Governor (United States)|Governor]] [[Scott Walker (politician)|Scott Walker]] to rescind Wisconsin's nomination of the sanctuary.<ref name=Looby20240321/>

After [[Tony Evers]] took office as [[governor of Wisconsin]] in 2019, he asked NOAA to renew the proposal for the sanctuary.<ref name=Looby20240321/> NOAA published an [[environmental impact statement]] and final management plan in June 2020,<ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMS/><ref name=noaahistory/> designated the area as a sanctuary on June 22, 2021,<ref name=noaanews20210622/>  and published the designation in the ''[[Federal Register]]'' on June 23, 2021.<ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=noaahistory/> The designation was to take effect formally in the autumn of 2021<ref name=natmarinesanctuaryWSCNMSmediadoc/> following 45 days of continuous session of the [[United States Congress]] after publication of the designation in the ''Federal Register''.<ref name=fedregister20210623/><ref name=noaanews20210622/> After the 45-day review period in Congress and by the [[Governor of Wisconsin]] was complete, the designation became effective on August 16, 2021.<ref name=noaahistory/> The designation was finalized and celebrated in ceremony attended by [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] [[Tammy Baldwin]], Governor of Wisconsin [[Tony Evers]], NOAA Administrator Dr. [[Rick Spinrad]], and local officials at the [[Wisconsin Maritime Museum]] in Manitowoc on October&nbsp;9,&nbsp;2021.<ref>[https://www.wbay.com/2021/10/09/noaa-state-leaders-celebrate-final-designation-shipwreck-coast-national-marine-sanctuary/ Krall, Annie, et al., "NOAA, state leaders celebrate final designation of Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary," WBAY.com, October 9, 2021 Accessed 23 October 2021]</ref><ref name=NRTattends>[https://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/ocs-biweekly/index_27oct21.html Anonymous, "Navigation Response Team attends National Marine Sanctuary designation," ''Coast Survey Biweekly Newsletter'' (NOAA), October 27, 2021 Accessed September 5, 2023]</ref><!--The NOAA Office of Coast Survey article places the event on October 14, 2021, which appears to be an error.--> The Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary was the first national marine sanctuary created in the United States since the designation of [[Mallows Bay]], [[Maryland]], as a sanctuary in 2019.<ref name=noaanews20210622/>

Upon designating the area as a sanctuary, NOAA announced that it would stay a prohibition on [[Grappling hook|grappling]] into or [[anchoring]] on shipwreck sites in the sanctuary until October 1, 2023.<ref name=fedregister20210623/> The delay in the imposition of this regulation was intended to give NOAA time to install [[mooring]] [[buoy]]s that would make anchoring or grappling unnecessary, establish policies allowing access to shipwrecks where mooring buoys would not be installed, and explore the possibility of allowing some [[Underwater diving|diving]] activities it originally intended to prohibit, such as allowing divers to attach mooring lines directly to some shipwrecks.<ref name=fedregister20210623/> The designation is the second of its kind for the Great Lakes and the first for Lake Michigan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dozens-of-shipwreck-discoveries-anticipated-in-lake-michigans-new-marine-sanctuary/ |title=Dozens of Shipwreck Discoveries Anticipated in New Marine Sanctuary |publisher=[[Scientific American]] |date=11 November 2021 |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>

===2021===
[[File:Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sancutary AUV launch.jpg|thumb|A [[University of Delaware]] graduate student launches an [[autonomous underwater vehicle]] in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary in the summer of&nbsp;2021.]]

The NOAA [[Office of Coast Survey]] began a survey of the sanctuary's waters in June 2021 to collect data in support of nautical charting of the waters and archaeological studies of cultural resources in the sanctuary, but mechanical problems forced a delay.<ref name=NRTattends/> The survey resumed in early October 2021.<ref name=NRTattends/> By the time it concluded on October 22, the NOAA team had surveyed {{convert|70|sqmi|sqnmi km2}} of the lakebed near Manitowoc and Sheboygan, including four known shipwrecks.<ref name=NRTattends/><ref name=wscnmsscience>[https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/wisconsin/science/ National Marine Sanctuaries — Wisconsin: Science Accessed September 5, 2021]</ref>

During 2021, the sanctuary installed three real-time wind-and-wave [[buoy]]s also capable of providing real-time water temperatures at different depths in sanctuary waters off Port Washington, Sheboygan, and Two Rivers.<ref name=wscnmsscience/><ref name=greenfriis2022>[https://doa.wi.gov/DIR/Coastal_22-Wis-GL-Chronicle.pdf Green, Russ, and Mike Friis, "The Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary is an investment in our past and future," ''Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle'', 2022, p. 10.]</ref> The buoys were intended to enhance boating safety and [[fishing]] in the sanctuary.<ref name=greenfriis2022/> The sanctuary also teamed with its research partners to use [[autonomous underwater vehicle]]s to explore sanctuary waters off Two Rivers as part of a NOAA-led search for maritime heritage resources in Lake Michigan and [[Lake Ontario]] between July 28 and August 20, 2021.<ref name=wscnmsscience/><ref>[https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/21greatlakes/ NOAA Ocean Exploration: "Maritime Heritage in America’s Inland Seas: A Multi-Tiered Autonomous Vehicle-Based Survey of Two Proposed Great Lakes National Marine Sanctuaries;" "Maritime Heritage in America's Inland Seas: Expedition Overview," noaa.gov Accessed September 5, 2023]</ref>

===2022===
[[File:Photogrammetric model of wreck of schooner Northerner.jpg|thumb|Still image of a [[Photogrammetry|photogrammetric]] model of the wreck of the [[schooner]] {{ship||Northerner|schooner|2}} created from imagery taken by NOAA personnel in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary on {{nowrap|June 11, 2022}}]]
[[File:3D model of wreck of paddle steamer Niagara.PNG|thumb|A three-dimensional model created by NOAA of the wreck of the [[paddle steamer]] ''Niagara'' in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary.]]
{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | total_width = 450

 | image1 = Children tie knots at Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary.PNG
 | alt1 = Children tying nautical knots with an adult man
 | caption1 =

 | image2 = Children ROV Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary.PNG
 | alt2 = Two children and an adult man viewing television monitors
 | caption2 =

 | footer = Children learn to tie nautical knots at the sanctuary (left) and explore the sanctuary  with a [[remotely operated underwater vehicle]] from aboard a [[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee]] [[research vessel]] during a "Get Into Your Sanctuary" event (right). 
}}
[[File:Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sancutary kayakers Sheboygan.png|thumb|[[Kayaking|Kayakers]] set out from [[Sheboygan, Wisconsin|Sheboygan]], [[Wisconsin]], to explore the sanctuary.]]
During 2022, the NOAA Office of Coast Survey awarded a contract for a high-resolution, sonar-based mapping of most of the sanctuary′s lakebed, following up on the pilot mapping project carried out in 2021.<ref name=greenfriis2022/> The sanctuary also participated in the creation of a [[podcast]] and digital short promoting tourism in the communities along Wisconsin′s mid-Lake Michigan coast<ref name=greenfriis2022/> and co-sponsored a hands-on learning experience about marine technology and archaeology for 20 Wisconsin teachers from the Manitowoc-Two Rivers area, [[Milwaukee]], and [[Green Bay, Wisconsin|Green Bay]].<ref name=greenfriis2022/> By 2022, a study was underway to explore the creation of a NOAA facility along the Wisconsin coast to support the sanctuary.<ref name=greenfriis2022/>

In June 2022, a NOAA [[Office of National Marine Sanctuaries]] team conducted [[Maritime archaeology|maritime archaeological]] assessments at 11 shipwreck sites and [[sonar]] mapping at 13 sites and collected [[6K resolution|6k video]] and [[virtual reality]] footage to collect data in support of resource monitoring, mooring buoy, and education and outreach programs in the sanctuary.<ref name=wscnmsscience/>

In August 2022, the sanctuary began accepting applications to serve on its 15-seat advisory council, made up of members of the local community, with applications due by October 1, 2022. The creation of an advisory council is a standard practice for U.S. national marine sanctuaries.<ref>[https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/news/aug22/wisconsin-advisory-council-2022.html Denman, Katie, "NOAA Seeks Applicants for Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary Advisory Council," NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries, August 2022 Accessed September 5, 2023]</ref>

===2023===
In September 2023, maritime historicans announced the July 2023 discovery of the wreck of the {{convert|140|ft|0|adj=on}} American schooner ''Trinidad'', which sank on May 11, 1881, in {{convert|270|ft|0}} of water off the coast of Wisconsin near Algoma. The wreck was in "pristine" condition, but lies just outside the national marine sanctuary, prompting its discoverers to make plans to work with the [[Wisconsin Historical Society]] to request its addition to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in order to increase its visibility as an historically important shipwreck and to ensure its protection.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Clough |first1=Christopher | last2=Encinas |first2=Amaris |date=September 5, 2023 |title='A time capsule': 156-year-old sunken ship found in pristine condition in Lake Michigan |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/09/05/cargo-ship-trinidad-lake-michigan-discoverry/70770221007/ |access-date=September 8, 2023}}</ref>

NOAA′s plans to install mooring buoys in the sanctuary during the summer of 2023 went unfulfilled because NOAA's partner organizations were unable to provide ship time for the buoy installation effort. On September 29, 2023, the NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries extended the stay on the prohibition of grappling into or anchoring on shipwreck sites in the sanctuary from October 1, 2023, to October 1, 2024, to allow an additional year to address public comments on the effect of the prohibition on commercial shipping and engage in outreach to educate the public on the location of shipwrecks and non-destructive means for mooring to them, as well as to delay the prohibition until after the installation of mooring buoys, which NOAA rescheduled for the summer of 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/29/2023-21648/designation-of-wisconsin-shipwreck-coast-national-marine-sanctuary-delay-of-effectiveness#:~:text=As%20discussed%20in%20the%20final%20rule%20(86%20FR%2032737%3B%20June,begin%20installing%20mooring%20buoys%2C%20and |title=Designation of Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary; Delay of Effectiveness |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=29 September 2023 |website=Federal Register |publisher=National Archives and Records Administration |access-date= 11 October 2023}}</ref>

In September 2023, the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary published two studies of Maritime Cultural Landscapes (MCLs), additions to a series of MCLs published by the [[Office of National Marine Sanctuaries]] which describe "places where the interactions of culture and nature have resulted in identifiable cultural and ecological imprints." One of the studies examined key cultural landscape connections unique to the sanctuary, while the other provided an in-depth look at [[commercial fishing]] along the shore of Lake Michigan.<ref name=wscnmsscinece30Sep2024>{{cite web |url=https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/wisconsin/science/ |title=Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary: Science |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=September 2023 |website= |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] [[Office of National Marine Sanctuaries]] |access-date=September 30, 2024}}</ref>

===2024===

During the summer of 2024, the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary installed moorings at 24 shipwreck sites in the sanctuary. The moorings were intended to facilitate [[Underwater diving|diving]] and [[paddling]], make diving safer, and protect shipwrecks in the sanctuary from damage by anchors.<ref name=Looby20240321/><ref name=wscnmsscinece30Sep2024/>
{{clear}}
==Gallery==
{{main|List of shipwrecks in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary}}
{{Gallery
| title        = Shipwrecks in the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary
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| state        =
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| File:Wreck of Advance at Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary.PNG
 | The [[schooner]] ''Advance'' on June&nbsp;9,&nbsp;2022
 | alt1=A pattern of submerged, log-like objects
| File:Wreck of America bow section at Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary.PNG
 | [[Bow (ship)|Bow]] section of the schooner ''America'' on June&nbsp;13,&nbsp;2022
 | alt2=View looking forward of the bow of a shipwreck
| File:Byron schooner.jpg
 |Schooner  ''Byron''
 | alt3=Underwater view of a shipwreck from its port bow
| File:Schooner Mahoning photomosaic.png
 | [[Photomosaic]] of the schooner ''Mahoning''
 | alt4=Overhead view of scattered wreckage of a submerged ship
| File:Wreck of Mahoning at Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary.PNG
 | Bow section of the schooner ''Mahoning'' on June&nbsp;11,&nbsp;2022
 | alt5=Overhead view of a submerged ship's bow area
| File:Niagara shipwreck paddle wheels.PNG
 | The wreck of the [[paddle steamer]] ''Niagara'', featuring one of the ship's broken [[paddle wheel]]s
 | alt6=The wreckage of a submerged ship, featuring one of its paddle wheels
| File:Northerner wreck.jpg
 | The schooner {{ship||Northerner|schooner|2}} on May&nbsp;6,&nbsp;2010
 | alt7=Submerged ship's bow area
| File:Northerner wreck image.png
 | ''Northerner''
 | alt8=An overhead view of the forward two-thirds of a shipwreck
| File:Wreck of Selah Chamberlin at Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary.PNG
 | The [[steam engine]] of the [[Steamship|steam]] [[barge]] {{SS|Selah Chamberlain||2}} on June&nbsp;13,&nbsp;2022
 | alt9=Submerged box-like structure
| File:Selah Chamberlain archaeologist stern.PNG
 | A [[Maritime archaeology|maritime archaeologist]] documents the stern of the wreck of ''Selah Chamberlain''.
 | alt10=A scuba diver swims near a submerged ship's stern area.
| File:Diver explores Selah Chamberlain.png
 | A [[Scuba diving|scuba diver]] explores the wreck of ''Selah Chamberlain''.
 | alt11=A scuba diver swims near a submerged shipwreck
| File:Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary shipwreck.png
 | Unidentified shipwreck.
 | alt12=Overhead underwater view of the forward area of a shipwreck
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/wisconsin/}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=byv_YtonXo0 NOAA video "Designation of Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary"] on [[YouTube]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=RmUWa-qU3rw NOAA video "Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary B-roll"] on YouTube
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=he6IZPXtKhs NBC 26 video "Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast becomes the 15th National Marine Sanctuary"] on YouTube
* [https://nmssanctuaries.blob.core.windows.net/sanctuaries-prod/media/videos/20230210-educators-at-sea.mp4 NOAA video "Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary Educators at Sea"] on YouTube
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AC6B79_THk Discover Wisconsin video "Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast: Diving Into Our Maritime History"] on YouTube
* [https://www.pbs.org/video/wisconsin-shipwreck-coast-national-marine-sanctuary-4khwco/ PBS video "Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary" (April 27, 2022)]

{{Protected areas of Wisconsin}}
{{National marine sanctuaries of the United States}}

[[Category:Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary| ]]
[[Category:National Marine Sanctuaries of Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Kewaunee County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Manitowoc County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Ozaukee County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Sheboygan County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:2021 establishments in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 2021]]