View source for Rolls-Royce Holdings

{{short description|British multinational aerospace and defence company}}
{{about|the Rolls-Royce aircraft engine and power systems business and ownership since 1987|previous owners|Rolls-Royce Limited|the present day manufacturers of Rolls-Royce automobiles, not to be confused with the aircraft company|Rolls-Royce Motor Cars|other uses|Rolls-Royce}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Rolls-Royce Holdings plc
| trade_name = Rolls-Royce
| logo = Rolls royce holdings logo.svg
| logo_size = 120
| image = 
| type = [[Public limited company]]
| traded_as = {{lse|RR.}}<br>[[FTSE 100 Index|FTSE 100 Component]]
| predecessor = {{ubl|Rolls-Royce Group plc|[[Rolls-Royce Limited|Rolls-Royce plc]]}}
| successor = 
| founder = [[Charles Rolls]] and [[Henry Royce]] (as [[Rolls-Royce Limited]])
| hq_location = [[Kings Place]], [[London]], England, United Kingdom
| key_people = [[Anita Frew]] (Chairperson)<br />Tufan Erginbilgic (CEO)
| industry = [[Aerospace]], [[Arms industry|Defence]], [[Energy]], [[Marine propulsion|Marine]]
| products = {{ubl|Civil and military aero engines|Marine propulsion systems|Power generation equipment}}
| revenue = {{increase}} [[Pound sterling|£]]16,486&nbsp;million (2023)<ref name=results>{{cite web|url=https://www.rolls-royce.com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/investors/results/2023-full-year-results/rr-plc-holdings-2023-full-year-results-press-release.pdf|title= Preliminary Results 2023|publisher=Rolls-Royce|access-date=22 February 2024}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} £1,944&nbsp;million (2023)<ref name=results/>
| net_income = {{increase}} £2,404&nbsp;million (2023)<ref name=results/>
| assets = {{increase}} £31,512&nbsp;million (2023)<ref name=results/>
| equity = {{increase}} £(3,629)&nbsp;million (2023)<ref name=results/>
| num_employees = 50,000 (2024)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://careers.rolls-royce.com/usa/our-locations/rest-of-the-world|title=Rest of the World|publisher=Rolls-Royce| access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>
| parent = 
| divisions = 
| subsid = {{ubl|Subsidiaries include:|Rolls-Royce plc|- [[Rolls-Royce Deutschland]]|- [[Rolls-Royce North America]]|- [[Rolls-Royce India Private Limited]]|- [[Rolls-Royce Submarines]]|- Vinters Engineering Limited|- [[Rolls-Royce Controls and Data Services]]|- [[Rolls-Royce Power Systems]]|- [[Rolls-Royce SMR]]|Joint ventures include:|- [[Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Limited|Rolls-Royce Turbomeca]]|- [[MTU Turbomeca Rolls-Royce]]}}
| website = {{url|rolls-royce.com}}
| footnotes = 
| caption = 
| foundation = {{ubl|''Partnership'': {{Start date and age|1904|12|23|df=y}}|''Business'': {{Start date and age|1906|3|15|df=y}}, in [[Manchester]], [[Lancashire]], England|''Company'': incorporated {{Start date|2011|2|10|df=y}}, transition completed {{start date|2011|5|23|df=y}}}}
}}

'''Rolls-Royce Holdings plc''' is a British [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] aerospace and defence company incorporated in February 2011. The company owns Rolls-Royce, a business established in 1904 which today designs, manufactures and distributes power systems for aviation and other industries. Rolls-Royce is the world's second-largest maker of [[aircraft engine]]s<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-02-26/rolls-royce-unveils-new-engine-for-future-boeing-airbus-jets | work=Bloomberg Business Week | first=Robert | last=Wall | title=Rolls-Royce unveils new engine for future Boeing, Airbus planes | date=26 February 2014 | access-date=7 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307193156/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-02-26/rolls-royce-unveils-new-engine-for-future-boeing-airbus-jets | archive-date=7 March 2014}}</ref> (after [[CFM International]])<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aboulafia |first1=Richard |title=GE's Jet Engine Business Could Lose Altitude From Sale of Its Giant Plane Leasing Operation |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardaboulafia/2019/01/07/general-electric-leasing-gecas-engine/ |access-date=15 June 2019 |work=[[Forbes]] |date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615162109/https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardaboulafia/2019/01/07/general-electric-leasing-gecas-engine/#3f8f86fe226a |archive-date=15 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> and has major businesses in the [[marine propulsion]] and [[Energy industry|energy sectors]].

Rolls-Royce was the world's 16th largest [[Arms industry|defence contractor]] in 2018 when measured by defence revenues.<ref name='DN2018'>{{Cite news| url=https://people.defensenews.com/top-100/| title=Defense News Top 100 for 2018| publisher=Defense News| access-date=20 March 2019| archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20190102152452/https://people.defensenews.com/top%2D100/| archive-date=2 January 2019| url-status=live}}</ref> The company is also the world's fourth largest commercial aircraft engine manufacturer, with a 12% market share {{As of|2020|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2021 |title=Market share of the leading commercial aircraft engine manufacturers worldwide in 2020 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1099835/global-aircraft-engine-manufacturer-market-share/ |access-date=22 November 2023 |website=[[Statista]] |language=en}}</ref>

Rolls-Royce Holdings plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the [[FTSE 100 Index]]. At the close of London trading on 28 August 2019, the company had a [[market capitalisation]] of [[Pounds sterling|£]]4.656bn, the 85th-largest of any company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FTSE 100 : The latest Index price detail and constituents {{!}} Sharecast.com|url=https://www.sharecast.com/index/FTSE_100|access-date=29 August 2020|website=www.sharecast.com}}</ref>

The company's [[registered office]] is at [[Kings Place]], near [[Kings Cross, London|Kings Cross]] in [[London]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Legal Information |url=https://www.rolls-royce.com/site-services/legal-information.aspx |website=Rolls-Royce |access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>

==History==
===Ownership===
Rolls-Royce grew from the engineering business of [[Henry Royce]], which was established in 1884 and ten years later began to manufacture dynamos and electric cranes. [[Charles Rolls]] established a separate business with Royce in 1904 because Royce had developed a range of cars which Rolls wanted to sell. A corporate owner was incorporated in 1906 with the name [[Rolls-Royce Limited]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motor-car.co.uk/daimler/995-rolls-royce/12178-rolls-royce-limited-1906-73|title=Rolls-Royce Limited History|publisher=motor-car|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412062136/http://www.motor-car.co.uk/daimler/995-rolls-royce/12178-rolls-royce-limited-1906-73|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1971 the same company, Rolls-Royce Limited, entered voluntary liquidation because it was unable to meet its financial obligations. It remains in existence today, still in liquidation. Its business and assets were bought by the government using a company created for the purpose named Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited. [[Rolls-Royce Motors]] was separated out in 1973. Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited currently carries on the business under the name Rolls-Royce plc.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/01003142|title=Rolls-Royce plc|publisher=Companies House|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091124/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/01003142|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rolls-Royce plc returned to the stock market in 1987 under the government of [[Margaret Thatcher]]. In 2003 ownership of Rolls-Royce plc was passed to Rolls-Royce Group plc. In the same way, Rolls-Royce Group plc passed ownership on 23 May 2011 to Rolls-Royce Holdings plc.<ref name=R-RAR2011>[http://www.rolls-royce.com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/investors/annual-reports/rr-full-ar-2011-tcm92-34435.pdf Rolls-Royce Holdings plc, Annual Report 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418203734/http://www.rolls-royce.com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/investors/annual-reports/rr-full-ar-2011-tcm92-34435.pdf |date=18 April 2017 }} accessed 27 January 2017</ref> Throughout these corporate changes Rolls-Royce plc has remained the principal trading company.<ref name=R-RAR2011/><ref group=nb>
;Companies with shares available to the general public
* 1906 company, '''Rolls-Royce Limited'''. Its shares became more or less valueless in 1971 and their price sank as low as a penny from a high of £1.25.
:By the time the liquidation was effectively complete those shareholders had received more than £0.60 per share from the liquidation and they may have bought them for around a penny.
* 1971 company, floated as '''Rolls-Royce plc''' still owns the principal business but itself was sold to the new holding company in 2003
* 2003 company floated as '''Rolls-Royce Group plc''' bought the 1971 company
* 2011 company floated as '''Rolls-Royce Holdings plc''' bought the 1971 company from the 2003 company</ref>

===Growth===
The 1980s saw the introduction of a policy to offer an engine fitment on a much wider range of civil aircraft types, with the company's engines now powering 17 different airliners (and their variants) compared to [[General Electric]]'s 14 and [[Pratt & Whitney]]'s 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rolls-royce.com/country-sites/singapore/news-and-articles/rolls-royce-delivers-first-trent-aero-engine.aspx|title=Rolls-Royce delivers the first Trent aero engine produced in Singapore|publisher=Rolls-Royce|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412211335/http://www.rolls-royce.com/country-sites/singapore/news-and-articles/rolls-royce-delivers-first-trent-aero-engine.aspx|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The civil engines business represents the company's main area of growth. Between 2010 and 2018, Rolls-Royce invested £11 billion in facilities and [[research and development|R&D]] and launched six new civil engines including the [[Trent XWB]] and the [[Rolls-Royce Pearl|Pearl]] 15 for the business aviation market. It secured orders for 2,700 engines for [[wide-body]] aircraft and [[business jet]]s. It expects to produce over 600 wide-body engines a year and should power over half of the world's wide-body fleet within a few years, up from 22% a decade before.<ref name=Rolls14jun2018>{{cite press release |url= https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/press-releases.aspx#14-06-2018-rr-confirms-fundamental-restructuring |date= 14 June 2018 |title= Rolls-Royce confirms fundamental restructuring |publisher= Rolls-Royce |access-date= 16 June 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181205080242/https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/press-releases.aspx#14-06-2018-rr-confirms-fundamental-restructuring |archive-date= 5 December 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref>

In 2023, Rolls-Royce entered into an agreement for $3.52 million of funding with the [[UK Space Agency]] for the creation of a nuclear reactor on the moon. The project is intended to provide power for space missions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Frangoul |first1=Anmar |title=UK backs Rolls-Royce project to build a nuclear reactor on the moon |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/17/uk-backs-rolls-royce-project-to-build-a-nuclear-reactor-on-the-moon.html |website=CNBC |date=18 March 2023 |access-date=18 March 2023}}</ref>

===Restructuring===
In 2014 and 2015, Rolls-Royce issued at least four profit warnings due to US defence cuts, a downturn in the offshore oil and gas market and its civil aerospace business, the company initiated job cuts of over 3,000 in response.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pratley |first1=Nils |title=Rolls-Royce chief executive John Rishton surprises by stepping down |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/apr/22/rolls-royce-chief-executive-john-rishton-stepping-down |access-date=23 February 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=22 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kollewe |first1=Julia |title=Rolls-Royce shares tumble after profit warning |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/oct/17/rolls-royce-shares-tumble-amid-profit-warning |access-date=23 February 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=17 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Farrell |first1=Sean |title=Rolls-Royce warns defence cuts to take toll on 2014 revenues and profits |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/feb/13/rolls-royce-defence-cuts-2014-revenues-profits |access-date=23 February 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=13 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Farrell |first1=Sean |title=Rolls-Royce issues profit warning as new CEO takes the helm |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jul/06/rolls-royce-profit-warning-warren-east |access-date=23 February 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=6 July 2015}}</ref> Rolls-Royce had been selling many of its aero-engines in combination with long-term service contracts. Even though the company booked profits in part with the delivery of the engine, actual payments only came in over time. Between 2003 and 2015, it sold a majority of its engines with these “TotalCare” contracts.<ref name=newCFO>{{cite news |last1=Trentmann |first1=Nina |title=New Rolls-Royce CFO Faces Tricky Accounting |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/cfo/2016/09/22/new-rolls-royce-cfo-faces-tricky-accounting/ |access-date=23 February 2023 |work=WSJ |date=22 September 2016}}</ref> The company announced it would no longer be able to move its revenues forward from its long-term service contracts to compensate for its contracts being unprofitable in the early stages after the introduction of [[International Financial Reporting Standards|IFRS]] 15 in 2018 and its profits for 2015 would have been £900m lower than the £1.4bn it reported if it had followed the [[IFRS_15|new accounting standard]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Austin |first1=Amy |title=Rolls-Royce reveals adopting IFRS 15 would have cost £900m |url=https://www.accountancydaily.co/rolls-royce-reveals-adopting-ifrs-15-would-have-cost-ps900m |access-date=23 February 2023 |work=www.accountancydaily.co |publisher=Accountancy Daily |date=16 November 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IFRS 15 – the Rolls-Royce of standards, especially if you actually happen to be Rolls-Royce! (17 May 2017) |url=https://disclosurehub.org/2017/05/17/ifrs-15-the-rolls-royce-of-standards-especially-if-you-actually-happen-to-be-rolls-royce/ |website=John Hughes IFRS Blog |access-date=23 February 2023 |language=en |date=16 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Yorke |first1=Harry |title=Rolls-Royce faces uncertainty over new profit reporting standards |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/11/16/rolls-royce-upbeat-despite-mixed-outlook/ |access-date=23 February 2023 |work=The Telegraph |date=16 November 2016}}</ref>

In February 2017 Rolls-Royce posted its largest ever pre-tax loss of £4.6 billion; This included a £4.4 billion [[writedown]] on financial hedges that the company uses to protect itself against currency fluctuations, and a £671 million penalty to settle bribery and corruption charges with the [[Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)|Serious Fraud Office]] (SFO), the US Department of Justice, and Brazilian authorities.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ruddick |first=Graham |date=14 February 2017 |title=Rolls-Royce posts biggest loss in its history |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/feb/14/rolls-royce-posts-largest-loss-in-its-history-after-settling-bribery-charges |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=5 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111438/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/feb/14/rolls-royce-posts-largest-loss-in-its-history-after-settling-bribery-charges |archive-date=6 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 14 June 2018 the company announced a restructuring of the business to create three simpler [[decentralised]] units ([[aerospace|civil aerospace]], [[Defense (military)|defence]] and [[power system]]s), to rationalise [[back office]] functions and to remove [[middle management]] functions. The [[cost saving]]s should amount to £400 million per year by 2020, with an up-front restructuring cost of £500 million. Some 4,600 people<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/rolls-royce-to-tell-city-about-4-000-manager-job-cuts-fg7kwx923 |title= Rolls-Royce to tell City about 4,000 manager job cuts |date= 11 June 2018 |newspaper= The Times |author= Dominic Walsh |access-date= 12 June 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180612185054/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/rolls-royce-to-tell-city-about-4-000-manager-job-cuts-fg7kwx923 |archive-date= 12 June 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref> are likely to leave the business out of 55,000 employed worldwide, 3,000 job losses from the UK and the rest from elsewhere in the world<ref>{{cite news |author=Julia Kollewe |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jun/14/rolls-royce-cut-jobs-britain |title=Rolls-Royce to cut 3,000 jobs in UK &#124; Business |work=The Guardian |access-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630214338/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jun/14/rolls-royce-cut-jobs-britain |archive-date=30 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> (15,700 of the employees work in [[Derby]] and 10,300 work elsewhere in the United Kingdom).<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-11/rolls-royce-787-woes-deepen-as-issue-found-in-new-engine-variant |title= Rolls-Royce 787 Engine Woes Widen as Thousands of Job Cuts Loom |author= Christopher Jasper |agency= Bloomberg |date= 11 June 2018 |access-date= 11 June 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180613011956/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-11/rolls-royce-787-woes-deepen-as-issue-found-in-new-engine-variant |archive-date= 13 June 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref name=Reuters14jun2018>{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rolls-royce-hldg-restructuring/rolls-royce-cuts-4600-jobs-at-pivotal-moment-for-business-idUSKBN1JA0JD |date= 14 June 2018 |title= Rolls-Royce cuts 4,600 jobs at 'pivotal moment' for business |author= Sarah Young |work= Reuters |access-date= 16 June 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103651/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rolls-royce-hldg-restructuring/rolls-royce-cuts-4600-jobs-at-pivotal-moment-for-business-idUSKBN1JA0JD |archive-date= 16 June 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref>

In August 2018 Rolls-Royce announced it was taking a charge of £554&nbsp;million to cover faults with some [[Rolls-Royce Trent 1000|Trent 1000 engine]]s on [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]]s. Rather than going thousands of hours between inspections, the faults with turbine blades mean the engines currently require inspection every 300 hours of flight. In the same announcement Rolls-Royce said it would spend £450m fixing faults on the Trent 1000 in 2018, £450m in 2019 and £350m in 2020, with the work complete by 2022.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 August 2018|title=Rolls-Royce profits hit by engine faults|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-45042269?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/ce1qrvlex71t/rolls-royce-holdings&link_location=live-reporting-story|work=BBC News|access-date=5 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306045923/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-45042269?intlink_from_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fce1qrvlex71t%2Frolls-royce-holdings&link_location=live-reporting-story|archive-date=6 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2020, the company announced its intention to cut 20% of its workforce (approximately 9,000 staff) worldwide as a result of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/4af7530e-880f-4c80-8083-848cf088368b |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/4af7530e-880f-4c80-8083-848cf088368b |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title= Rolls-Royce to cut 9,000 jobs to prepare for years of disruption|work=[[Financial Times]]|last1=Hollinger|first1=Peggy|last2=Georgiadis|first2=Phillip|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rolls-Royce to cut 9,000 jobs due to COVID-19 {{!}} Jumpseat Observer|url=https://jumpseatobserver.com/rolls-royce-to-cut-9000-jobs-due-to-covid-19/|last=Hill|first=Robbie|language=en-US|access-date=21 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Around 3,000 job losses were expected in the UK, half of them in Derby.<ref name="BBC-03Jun2020">{{cite news |title=Rolls-Royce confirms 3,000 job cuts across the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-52909829 |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=BBC News |date=3 June 2020}}</ref>

In February 2021, Rolls-Royce started talks concerning an operational shutdown of its civil aerospace unit that might last for two weeks due to the impact of Covid-19 and its restrictions.<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 February 2021|title=Rolls-Royce plans two-week shutdown of civil aerospace business|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rolls-royce-hldg-costs-idUSKBN2A70MO|access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref>

Rolls-Royce announced, in October 2023, that it would cut 2,500 jobs, or 6 per cent of its total workforce.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jolly |first=Jasper |date=16 October 2023 |title=Rolls-Royce 'to cut up to 2,500 jobs across its business' |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/oct/16/rolls-royce-to-cut-up-to-2500-jobs-across-its-business |access-date=18 October 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

== Senior leadership ==

* Chairman: [[Anita Frew]] (since October 2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pfeifer |first=Sylvia |date=9 June 2021 |title=Anita Frew to become first female chair at Rolls-Royce |url=https://www.ft.com/content/6d6b969a-65cc-4f3d-8763-3e49f0d5964e |website=FT}}</ref>
* Chief Executive: Tufan Erginbilgic (since January 2023)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=26 July 2022 |title=Rolls-Royce names Tufan Erginbilgic as chief executive |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/jul/26/rolls-royce-tufan-erginbilgic-chief-executive-bp-warren-east |website=The Guardian}}</ref>

=== List of former chairmen ===

# [[Simon Robertson|Sir Simon Robertson]] (2011–2013)<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2013 |title=Rolls-Royce Appoint Ian Davis Chairman |url=https://www.marinelink.com/news/rollsroyce-chairman351700 |website=Marine Link}}</ref>
# [[Ian Davis (businessman)|Sir Ian Davis]] (2013–2021)<ref name=":0" />

=== List of former chief executives ===

# [[John Rishton]] (2011–2015)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Powley |first=Tanya |date=22 April 2015 |title=Timeline: John Rishton's reign at Rolls-Royce |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d84220c8-e8d7-11e4-b7e8-00144feab7de |website=FT}}</ref>
# [[Warren East]] (2013–2022)<ref name=":1" />

== Facilities ==
[[File:Rauman satama 1.jpg|thumb|STX Europe dockyard where the Rolls-Royce plant is located at [[Rauma, Finland]]]]

=== Testing ===
Rolls-Royce's £90 million [[test bed]] 80 is the largest of its kind, sized for engines of up to {{cvt|140,000|lbf|kN}} of thrust.<ref name=AvWeek10may2019>{{cite news |url= https://aviationweek.com/propulsion/rolls-test-site-140000-lb-thrust-track-ultrafan-2021 |title= Rolls' Test Site For 140,000-lb.-thrust On Track For UltraFan in 2021 |date= 10 May 2019 |author= Guy Norris |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref> Design started in 2017, construction began in 2018 and it should be commissioned by mid-2020. The {{cvt|80,730|sqft}} facility is {{cvt|426.5|ft}} long, has a {{cvt|95|ft}} tall intake tower and a {{cvt|123|ft}} tall exhaust stack. Built from 3,450 tons of steel and {{cvt|27,000|m3}} of concrete, it has a {{cvt|49 by 49|ft}} tall and wide enclosed space and it can handle a 66 tons engine including its carrier.<ref name=AvWeek10may2019/> The company completed its first engine run on the new test bed in July 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://aerospaceglobalnews.com/video/rolls-royce-completes-first-engine-run-on-testbed-80/  |title=Rolls-Royce completes first engine run on Testbed 80|newspaper=Aerospace Global News|access-date=15 August 2024}}</ref>

[[X-ray]] imaging allows to visualize the position of seals and clearances in real time while an engine is running. While it was retrofitted on Rolls' test bed 57, test bed 80 is the first to be purpose-designed for [[industrial radiography]]. To protect from external X-ray, 30&nbsp;cm (11.8 in.) of [[lead]], double walls are up to 8.9&nbsp;ft. (2.7 m) thick (a 5.6-ft. interior wall and 3.3-ft. exterior wall) and provide acoustic insulation. Canadian prime contractor MDS Aero Support is responsible for design and management, test systems supply, engine adapters, support systems and data acquisition and control while construction is done by [[Buckingham Group]] Contracting.<ref name=AvWeek10may2019/>

==Acquisitions==
;Northern Engineering Industries / broken up and sold
In 1988, Rolls-Royce acquired [[Northern Engineering Industries]] (NEI), based in the [[North East of England]], a group of heavy engineering companies mainly associated with electrical generation and power management. The group included [[Clarke Chapman]] (cranes), [[A. Reyrolle & Company|Reyrolle]] (now part of [[Siemens]]) and [[C. A. Parsons and Company|Parsons]] (now part of [[Siemens|Siemens steam turbines]]). The company was renamed Rolls-Royce Industrial Power Group. It was sold off piecemeal over the next decade as the company re-focused on its core aero-engine operations following the recession of the early 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nzrcranes.org/manufact.html|title=The crane makers|publisher=NZR Cranes|access-date=21 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174719/http://www.nzrcranes.org/manufact.html|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>

;Allison Engine Company/Rolls-Royce Corporation
On 21 November 1994, Rolls-Royce announced its intention to acquire the [[Allison Engine Company]], an American manufacturer of gas turbines and components for aviation, industrial and marine engines.<ref name="lazalli">Lazonick, William & Prencipe, Andrea. "[http://www.econ.uniurb.it/siepi/dec03/papers/lazonick.pdf Sustaining the Innovation Process: The Case of Rolls-Royce plc]" page 18. Retrieved 18 September 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120328014828/http://www.econ.uniurb.it/siepi/dec03/papers/lazonick.pdf Archive]</ref> The two companies had a technical association dating back to the Second World War. Rolls-Royce had previously tried to buy the company when [[General Motors]] sold it in 1993, but GM opted for a management buyout instead for $370&nbsp;million. Owing to Allison's involvement in classified and export restricted technology, the 1994 acquisition was subject to investigation to determine the national security implications.<ref name="ashopen">Ashbourne, Alex. [http://www.cer.org.uk/pdf/cerwp8.pdf Opening the US Defence Market] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009193618/http://www.cer.org.uk/pdf/cerwp8.pdf |date=9 October 2009 }} ''Centre for European Reform'' page 6, October 2000. Retrieved 18 September 2010.</ref> On 27 March 1995, the US Department of Defense announced that the ''"deal between Allison Engine Co. and Rolls-Royce does not endanger national security."''<ref name=rrA>"[http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=418 DoD is satisfied that deal between Allison Engine Co. and Rolls Royce does not endanger national security]" ''[[United States Department of Defense]]'', 27 March 1995. Retrieved 3 October 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014173931/http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=418 Archived] on 14 October 2013.</ref> Rolls-Royce was, however, obliged to set up a [[proxy board]] to manage Allison and had also to set up a separate company, [[Allison Advanced Development Company|Allison Advanced Development Company, Inc.]], to manage classified programmes ''"that involve leading-edge technologies"'' such as the [[Joint Strike Fighter programme]].<ref name=rrA/> In 2000, this restriction was replaced by a more flexible [[Special Security Arrangement]].<ref name="lorellglobal">Lorell et al [https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1537.pdf Going Global?] page 175, ''[[RAND Corporation]]'', 2002. Retrieved 18 September 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121006084335/https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1537.pdf Archive]</ref> In 2001, Rolls-Royce and its [[Rolls-Royce LiftSystem|LiftSystem]] was among the group that won the JSF contract for the [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|F-35]].<ref name="bolkwin">Bolkcom, Christopher. [https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA472773.pdf JSF: Background, Status, and Issues] page CRS-4, ''dtic.mil'', 16 June 2003. Retrieved 18 September 2010. [https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA472773.pdf Archive]</ref>

The Allison acquisition, at $525&nbsp;million (equivalent to £328&nbsp;million),<ref name="lazalli"/> brought four new engine types into the Rolls-Royce civil engine portfolio on seven platforms and several light aircraft applications. Allison is now known as [[Rolls-Royce Corporation]], part of [[Rolls-Royce North America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indychamber.com/files/3314/4432/7594/FINAL_News_Release_Rolls-Royce_Indy_Centennial.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412062017/http://www.indychamber.com/files/3314/4432/7594/FINAL_News_Release_Rolls-Royce_Indy_Centennial.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2017|title=Rolls-Royce celebrates centennial of Indianapolis operations|publisher=Rolls-Royce|access-date=11 April 2017}}</ref>

;Vickers/Vinters
In 1999 Rolls-Royce acquired [[Vickers plc]] for its marine businesses.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/21/business/international-business-rolls-royce-to-buy-vickers-for-933-million.html|title=Rolls-Royce to Buy Vickers for $933 Million|newspaper=The New York Times|date=21 September 1999|access-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403141807/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/21/business/international-business-rolls-royce-to-buy-vickers-for-933-million.html|archive-date=3 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The portion retained is now Vinters Engineering Limited. Rolls-Royce sold Vickers Defence Systems (the other major Vickers area of business) to [[Alvis plc]] in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2167788.stm|title=Alvis leads in UK tank race|publisher=BBC|date=2 August 2002|access-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040710103458/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2167788.stm|archive-date=10 July 2004|url-status=live}}</ref>

;BMW joint venture / Rolls-Royce Deutschland
Rolls-Royce has established a leading position in the corporate and [[regional airline]] sector through the development of the Tay engine, the Allison acquisition and the consolidation of the [[Rolls-Royce Deutschland|BMW Rolls-Royce]] joint venture. In 1999, BMW Rolls-Royce was renamed Rolls-Royce Deutschland and became a 100% owned subsidiary of Rolls-Royce plc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ewmd.org/corporate/rolls-royce-deutschland|title=Rolls-Royce Deutschland|publisher=EWMD|access-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402144552/http://www.ewmd.org/corporate/rolls-royce-deutschland|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

;SAIC joint venture / Optimized Systems and Solutions
[[Optimized Systems and Solutions|Optimized Systems and Solutions Limited]] (formerly known as Data Systems & Solutions) was founded in 1999 as a joint venture between Rolls-Royce plc and [[Science Applications International Corporation]] (SAIC). In early 2006, SAIC exited the joint venture agreement, making Rolls-Royce plc the sole owner.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coredata-uk.com/pr_detail.asp?id=9|title=Data Systems & Solutions expands aftermarket services with Coredata acquisition|publisher=Coredata|access-date=21 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150417194238/https://www.coredata-uk.com/pr_detail.asp?id=9|archive-date=17 April 2015}}</ref>

;Tognum joint venture with Daimler / Rolls-Royce Power Systems Holding GmbH
In March 2011, Rolls-Royce and [[Daimler AG]] launched a $4.2&nbsp;billion public tender offer for 100 per cent of the share capital of [[Tognum|Tognum AG]], the owner of [[MTU Friedrichshafen]] – a leading high-speed industrial and marine diesel engine manufacturer, which was completed using a 50:50 joint venture company.<ref name=independent100311>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/rollsroyce-and-daimler-bid-16432bn-for-tognum-2237509.html|title=Rolls-Royce and Daimler bid €3.2bn for Tognum|access-date=10 March 2011|work=The Independent|location=UK|date=10 March 2011|first=Sarah|last=Arnott|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312010015/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/rollsroyce-and-daimler-bid-16432bn-for-tognum-2237509.html|archive-date=12 March 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Rolls-Royce and Daimler AG intend that the joint venture company, which also now incorporates Rolls-Royce's existing Bergen engine business, is listed on the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]].<ref name=independent100311/>

;Aero Engine Controls / Rolls-Royce Controls and Data Services
Following the acquisition of Goodrich by [[United Technologies Corporation]] in July 2012, Rolls-Royce announced it would purchase Goodrich's 50% share of [[Aero Engine Controls]] to become wholly owned by Rolls-Royce.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lse.co.uk/FinanceNews.asp?ArticleCode=s3vgwsk7qlnmtd0&ArticleHeadline=BRIEFRollsRoyce_buys_out_Aero_Engine_Controls_partner_Goodrich|title=Rolls-Royce buys out Aero Engine Controls partner Goodrich|date=8 June 2012|access-date=28 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630215006/http://www.lse.co.uk/FinanceNews.asp?ArticleCode=s3vgwsk7qlnmtd0&ArticleHeadline=BRIEFRollsRoyce_buys_out_Aero_Engine_Controls_partner_Goodrich|archive-date=30 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

At the June 2019 [[Paris Air Show]], Rolls-Royce announced its acquisition of Siemens' electric propulsion branch (while they are partners on the [[E-Fan X]] demonstrator), to be completed in late 2019, employing 180 in Germany and Hungary.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/paris-siemens-sells-eaircraft-business-to-rolls-roy-459092/ |title= Siemens sells eAircraft business to Rolls-Royce |date= 18 June 2019 |author= Michael Gubisch |work= FlightGlobal |access-date= 18 June 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190618124559/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/paris-siemens-sells-eaircraft-business-to-rolls-roy-459092/ |archive-date= 18 June 2019 |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Divestment==
===Siemens===
In May 2014, Rolls-Royce sold its energy gas turbine and compressor business to Siemens for £785 million.<ref>{{cite news| title=Rolls Royce sells energy gas turbine business to Siemens| author=Tasim Zahid| work=Reuters| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rolls-royce-hldg-sale-idUSBREA4511Z20140506| date=6 May 2014| access-date=1 July 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019042723/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/06/us-rolls-royce-hldg-sale-idUSBREA4511Z20140506| archive-date=19 October 2015| url-status=live}}</ref>

===Kongsberg===
In July 2018, Rolls-Royce sold its commercial marine business to [[Kongsberg Gruppen|Kongsberg]] for £500 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-06/kongsberg-to-buy-marine-unit-from-rolls-royce-for-660-million|title=Rolls-Royce Offloads Ailing Marine Arm to Norway's Kongsberg|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=6 July 2018|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328121559/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-06/kongsberg-to-buy-marine-unit-from-rolls-royce-for-660-million|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Nuclear services businesses===
In September 2019, Rolls-Royce agreed to sell its civil nuclear services businesses in the U.S., Canada, Mondragon France, and Gateshead UK to the [[Westinghouse Electric Company]] for an undisclosed sum. These businesses had a revenue of $70 million and about 500 employees in 2018.  Rolls-Royce is keeping its nuclear new build and [[small modular reactor]] (SMR) business in the UK.<ref name=wnn-20190927>{{cite news |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Westinghouse-to-buy-Rolls-Royce-services-units |title=Westinghouse to buy Rolls-Royce services units |publisher=World Nuclear News |date=27 September 2019 |access-date=27 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927224515/http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Westinghouse-to-buy-Rolls-Royce-services-units |archive-date=27 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2020, the company announced plans to build up to 16 [[Rolls-Royce SMR]] nuclear plants across the UK, continuing its nuclear division operations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-54703204 |title=Rolls Royce plans UK class of mini-nuclear plants |date=11 November 2020 |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref> In December 2020 Rolls-Royce announced it would sell other foreign parts of its civil nuclear instrumentation and control business to [[Framatome]] as part of its post-COVID recovery plan, completing the deal involving over 550 employees in November 2021.<ref name=nei-20201209>{{cite news |url=https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsrolls-royce-sells-its-nuclear-instrumentation-business-8402939 |title=Rolls-Royce sells its nuclear instrumentation business |publisher=Nuclear Engineering International |date=9 December 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=nei-20211109>{{cite news |url=https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsframatome-completes-purchase-of-rolls-royce-nuclear-ic-bussiness-9225858 |title=Framatome completes purchase of Rolls Royce nuclear I&C business |publisher=Nuclear Engineering International |date=9 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>

==Major sales==

;Airbus A380
In 1996, Rolls-Royce and [[Airbus]] signed a [[memorandum of understanding]], specifying the [[Rolls-Royce Trent 900|Trent 900]] as the engine of choice for the then A3XX, now the [[Airbus A380]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/a3xx-programme-gathers-momentum-as-mou-is-signed-with-9935/|title=A3XX programme gathers momentum as MoU is signed with Rolls-Royce|work=FlightGlobal|date=13 November 1996|access-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115900/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/a3xx-programme-gathers-momentum-as-mou-is-signed-with-9935/|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the [[Engine Alliance GP7000]] would ultimately also be offered as an option on the A380.<ref>{{cite press release| url = http://www.geaviation.com/press/gepw/gepw_20041207.html| title =  GP7200 Takes to the Skies in First Flight Test| publisher = GE Aviation| date = 7 December 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050422/http://www.geaviation.com/press/gepw/gepw_20041207.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 

In October 2006, Rolls-Royce suspended production of its [[Trent 900]] engine because of delays by Airbus on the delivery of the [[Airbus A380|A380]] superjumbo. Rolls-Royce announced in October 2007 that production of the Trent 900 had been restarted after a twelve-month suspension caused by delays to the A380.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2007 |title=Rolls-Royce settles into a launch groove for A380 |work=[[Flight International]] |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/10/15/218490/rolls-royce-settles-into-a-launch-groove-for-a380.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017121615/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/10/15/218490/rolls-royce-settles-into-a-launch-groove-for-a380.html |archive-date=17 October 2007}}</ref>

In 2011, Rolls-Royce faced scrutiny after high profile incidents involving the Trent 900. One of the engines suffered a partial power loss during a [[Qantas]] flight in February 2011. This followed an incident in November 2010 in which an engine disintegrated in flight causing [[Qantas Flight 32]] to make an emergency landing in Singapore.<ref>
{{Cite news|last=Heasley|first=Andrew|date=3 March 2011|title=Rolls-Royce speaks out after more Qantas engine problems|work=The Age|location=Australia|url=http://www.theage.com.au/travel/travel-news/rollsroyce-speaks-out-after-more-qantas-engine-problems-20110303-1bfdu.html|url-status=live|access-date=9 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110306133211/http://www.theage.com.au/travel/travel-news/rollsroyce-speaks-out-after-more-qantas-engine-problems-20110303-1bfdu.html|archive-date=6 March 2011}}
</ref> The aircraft was extensively damaged and the airline grounded its fleet of A380s. The problem was traced to a fatigue crack in an oil pipe requiring the replacement of some engines and modifications to the design.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 November 2010|title=Trent 900 update|publisher=Rolls-Royce|url=http://www.rolls-royce.com/investors/news/2010/121110_interim_mgt_statement.jsp|url-status=dead|access-date=23 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115021612/http://www.rolls-royce.com/investors/news/2010/121110_interim_mgt_statement.jsp|archive-date=15 November 2010}}</ref> Trent-powered A380s operated by [[Lufthansa]] and [[Singapore Airlines]] were also affected. Qantas gradually returned its A380s to service over several months. In June 2011 the airline announced it had agreed to compensation of AU$95m (US$100m) from Rolls-Royce.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 June 2011|title=Qantas, Rolls-Royce settle over blast that grounded A380 fleet|newspaper=The (Montreal) Gazette|url=https://montrealgazette.com/Qantas+Rolls+Royce+settle+over+blast+that+grounded+A380+fleet/4986242/story.html|url-status=dead|access-date=22 June 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110625042507/http://www.montrealgazette.com/Qantas+Rolls+Royce+settle+over+blast+that+grounded+A380+fleet/4986242/story.html|archive-date=25 June 2011}}</ref>

On 17 April 2015, it was announced that Rolls-Royce had received its largest order to date worth £6.1bn ($9.2bn) to supply engines for 50 Emirates A380 planes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Emirates A380|url=http://www.emirates.com/se/english/flying/our_fleet/emirates_a380/emirates_a380.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520034330/http://www.emirates.com/se/english/flying/our_fleet/emirates_a380/emirates_a380.aspx|archive-date=20 May 2011|access-date=4 April 2011|publisher=[[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=17 April 2015|title=Rolls-Royce receives record £6bn engine order|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-32347783|url-status=live|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122114049/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-32347783|archive-date=22 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="aw2015-04-17">{{cite news|last=Osborne|first=Tony|date=17 April 2015|title=Emirates Orders Trent 900 For Future A380s|work=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]|url=http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/emirates-orders-trent-900-future-a380s|url-status=live|access-date=17 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417195211/http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/emirates-orders-trent-900-future-a380s|archive-date=17 April 2015}}</ref>

;Boeing 787
On 6 April 2004, [[Boeing]] announced that it had selected both Rolls-Royce and General Electric to power its new 787. Rolls-Royce submitted the [[Rolls-Royce Trent 1000|Trent 1000]], a further development of that series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Rolls+confident+on+Dreamliner+project.-a0113626572|title=Rolls confident on Dreamliner project|publisher=Free Library|access-date=17 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016081048/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Rolls+confident+on+Dreamliner+project.-a0113626572|archive-date=16 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Airbus A350XWB
In July 2006, Rolls-Royce reached an agreement to supply a new version of the [[Rolls-Royce Trent 1000|Trent 1000]] for the revised [[Airbus A350XWB]] jetliner. As of July 2015, over 1,500 engines of this type have been supplied to 40 customers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Derby-s-Rolls-Royce-signs-340m-engine-support/story-27508317-detail/story.html |title=Derby's Rolls-Royce signs £340m engine support deal with Vietnam Airlines |newspaper=Derby Telegraph |access-date=21 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917093052/http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Derby-s-Rolls-Royce-signs-340m-engine-support/story-27508317-detail/story.html |archive-date=17 September 2015}}</ref>

;Panavia Tornado, Eurofighter Typhoon and Lightning II
On the military side, Rolls-Royce, in co-operation with other European manufacturers, has been a major contractor for the [[Turbo-Union RB199|RB199]] which in several variants powers the [[Panavia Tornado]], and also for the [[Eurojet EJ200|EJ200]] engine for the [[Eurofighter Typhoon]]. Rolls-Royce has matured the [[Rolls-Royce LiftSystem]] invented by [[Lockheed Martin]] for the F-35 Lightning II to production level; The F-35 is planned to be produced in significant numbers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themanufacturer.com/articles/rolls-royce-welcomes-green-light-on-joint-strike-fighter-programme/|title=Rolls-Royce welcomes green light on Joint Strike Fighter programme|publisher=The Manufacturer|access-date=17 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006184450/http://www.themanufacturer.com/articles/rolls-royce-welcomes-green-light-on-joint-strike-fighter-programme/|archive-date=6 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Air China
At the 2005 [[Paris Air Show]], Rolls-Royce secured in excess of $1&nbsp;billion worth of orders. The firm received $800m worth of orders from [[Air China]] to supply its 20 [[Airbus A330]] jets.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Air China at Paris Air Show|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4087624.stm|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=20 July 2005|access-date=13 July 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528011359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4087624.stm|archive-date=28 May 2006|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Qatar Airways
On 18 June 2007, Rolls-Royce announced at the 2007 Paris Air Show that it had signed a large contract with [[Qatar Airways]] for the Trent XWB to power 80 A350s on order from Airbus worth $5.6&nbsp;billion at list prices.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Rolls-Royce inks biggest-ever sale | work = [[Flight International]] | date = 19 June 2007 | url = http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/06/19/214880/rolls-royce-inks-biggest-ever-sale.html | access-date = 20 June 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070621091954/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/06/19/214880/rolls-royce-inks-biggest-ever-sale.html | archive-date = 21 June 2007 | url-status = live}}</ref>     

;Emirates airlines
On 11 November 2007, Rolls-Royce announced at the [[Dubai Airshow]] that it had signed its largest ever contract with [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] for Trent XWBs to power 50 A350-900 and 20 A350-1000 aircraft with 50 option rights. Due to be delivered from 2014, the order is potentially worth up to 8.4&nbsp;billion US Dollars at list prices.<ref>{{cite web|title=Emirates places $8.4bn order for Rolls-Royce Trent XWB |url=http://www.rolls-royce.com/media/showPR.jsp?PR_ID=40569 |access-date=14 November 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121191731/http://www.rolls-royce.com/media/showPR.jsp?PR_ID=40569 |archive-date=21 November 2008 }}</ref>

On 20 November 2007, Rolls-Royce announced plans to build its first Asian aero engine facility in the [[Seletar Aerospace Park]], Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/312725/1/.html|title=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014200852/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/312725/1/.html|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The $562m (£355m) plant complements its existing facility at Derby by concentrating on the assembly and testing of large civil engines, including Trent 1000 and Trent XWB. Productivity will be higher than at Derby, as the plant is fully integrated, as opposed to manufacturing occurring across five sites in the UK: a Trent 900 will take only 14 days to manufacture, as opposed to 20 in the UK. Originally expected to provide employment for 330 people,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rolls-royce.com/media/showPR.jsp?PR_ID=40576|title=News|website=rolls-royce.com|access-date=21 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121154325/http://www.rolls-royce.com/media/showPR.jsp?PR_ID=40576|archive-date=21 November 2008}}</ref> by the start of production in 2012, 1,600 employees were based in Singapore.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16789111|title=Rolls-Royce gears up for Singapore production|author=Saira Syed|work=BBC News|date=2 February 2012|access-date=2 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202180248/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16789111|archive-date=2 February 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Nuclear submarines
In May 2012, [[Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations]] won a Ministry of Defence contract worth more than £400 million for the integration of the reactor design, the [[PWR3]], for UK's [[British replacement of the Trident system|next generation nuclear-armed submarines]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18155835|title=Rolls-Royce|access-date=24 May 2012|work=BBC News|date=22 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524183504/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18155835|archive-date=24 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2023, Rolls-Royce announced that Rolls-Royce Submarines Limited will provide nuclear reactors for the [[SSN-AUKUS]] class of submarines for both the Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuclear reactors from Rolls-Royce to power Australian submarines |url=https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/press-releases/2023/13-03-2023-nuclear-reactors-from-rolls-royce-to-power-australian-submarines.aspx |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=www.rolls-royce.com |language=en}}</ref> To support the SSN-AUKUS programme, Rolls-Royce announced it would double the size of the Rolls-Royce Submarines LTD site in Raynesway, Derby creating 1,170 jobs in the process<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolls-Royce Submarines to create jobs and expand site in Derby |url=https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/our-stories/discover/2023/rr-submarines-to-create-jobs-and-expand-site-in-derby.aspx |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=www.rolls-royce.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Corruption allegations==

Rolls-Royce has been accused numerous times of corrupt practices and [[bribery]].

In 2014, facing allegations of bribery in the aftermath of the [[Sudhir Choudhrie]] affair, Rolls-Royce offered to return money to the Indian government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rolls-Royce-to-return-to-govt-Rs-18-crore-paid-to-commission-agents/articleshow/31745173.cms |title=Rolls Royce to return to govt Rs 18 crore paid to commission agents |date=9 March 2014 |website=The Times of India |agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=9 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313232218/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rolls-Royce-to-return-to-govt-Rs-18-crore-paid-to-commission-agents/articleshow/31745173.cms |archive-date=13 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)|Serious Fraud Office]] (SFO) also investigated allegations of bribery in Indonesia and China.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/engineering/10802118/Rolls-Royce-chief-optimistic-over-Siemens-deal.html |title=Rolls-Royce chief 'optimistic' over Siemens deal |last1=Osborne |first1=Alistair |date=1 May 2014 |website=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=5 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505092943/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/engineering/10802118/Rolls-Royce-chief-optimistic-over-Siemens-deal.html |archive-date=5 May 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2015 Rolls-Royce was accused of bribing an employee of Brazil's state-controlled oil company to win a $100 million contract to provide gas turbines for oil platforms.<ref>{{cite news|title=Report: Rolls Royce accused of bribing Petrobras for $100 million contract|url=http://petroglobalnews.com/2015/02/report-rolls-royce-accused-of-bribing-petrobras-for-100-million-contract/|access-date=18 February 2015|publisher=Petro Global News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218204906/http://petroglobalnews.com/2015/02/report-rolls-royce-accused-of-bribing-petrobras-for-100-million-contract/|archive-date=18 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2016 a joint ''Guardian'' and BBC investigation alleged widespread corruption by Rolls-Royce through middlemen in foreign countries including Brazil, India, China, Indonesia, South Africa, Angola, Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia. Rolls-Royce became subject to a major SFO investigation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/oct/31/rolls-royce-middlemen-may-have-used-bribes-to-land-major-contracts |title=Rolls-Royce middlemen may have used bribes to land major contracts |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104032210/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/oct/31/rolls-royce-middlemen-may-have-used-bribes-to-land-major-contracts |archive-date=4 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Alleged defects===
In 2013 media reported allegations from two American ex-employees that thousands of the company's new [[jet engines]] were assembled with used parts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://e24.no/lov-og-rett/beskylder-rolls-royce-for-aa-ha-brukt-skrapdeler-i-flymotorer/21095664|title=Beskylder Rolls-Royce for å ha brukt skrapdeler i flymotorer|author=Eirik Winsnes|website=E24|date=6 July 2013 |access-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822123643/http://e24.no/lov-og-rett/beskylder-rolls-royce-for-aa-ha-brukt-skrapdeler-i-flymotorer/21095664|archive-date=22 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Settlement with SFO===
In January 2017 Rolls-Royce came to an agreement with the SFO to pay £671 million under a [[deferred prosecution agreement]] to avoid prosecution for bribery to obtain export contracts.<ref name=guardian-20170117>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jan/16/rolls-royce-to-pay-671m-over-bribery-claims |title=Rolls-Royce to pay £671m over bribery claims |author=Rob Evans, David Pegg, Holly Watt |newspaper=The Guardian |date=17 January 2017 |access-date=17 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116234534/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jan/16/rolls-royce-to-pay-671m-over-bribery-claims |archive-date=16 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=bbc-20170117>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-38644114 |title=Rolls-Royce in £671m bribery settlement |work=BBC News |date=17 January 2017 |access-date=17 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117005717/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-38644114 |archive-date=17 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> As part of this agreement, a $170 million fine was paid to US authorities to end a bribery investigation,<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. says Rolls-Royce to pay $170 million as part of bribery settlement|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rolls-royce-hldg-fraud-usa-idUSKBN1512O8|access-date=17 January 2017|work=Reuters|date=17 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117190624/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-rolls-royce-hldg-fraud-usa-idUSKBN1512O8|archive-date=17 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and $25 million to the Brazilian authorities.<ref name=guardian-20170117/>

Subsequent to the settlement, ''[[Private Eye]]'' reported that some of Rolls-Royce's contracts under the scope of the SFO investigation had been supported by the British government's [[UK Export Finance]] department, using taxpayers' money. The government department underwrote multimillion-pound liabilities under Rolls-Royce contracts secured with the help of bribes and "facilitation" commissions. It has also been highlighted in the press that Rolls-Royce's auditor since 1995, [[KPMG]], had failed to identify any corrupt practices throughout the 1990s and 2000s. This is notable considering judge [[Brian Leveson]]'s statement that Rolls-Royce's offending was "multi-jurisdictional, numerous", "persistent and spanned from 1989 until 2013", and it "involved substantial funds being made available to fund bribe payments".<ref>{{cite magazine |date=27 January 2017 |title=Rolls of dishonour |magazine=[[Private Eye]] |location=London |publisher=Pressdram Ltd }}</ref>

==Governance==
{{As of|2021|August}} the [[board of directors]] consists of:<ref>{{cite web|title=Leadership|url=http://www.rolls-royce.com/about/leadership/board.aspx|access-date=6 August 2021|publisher=Rolls-Royce Holdings plc}}</ref>

* Sir Ian Davis, Chairman
* Warren East, Chief Executive
* Panos Kakoullis, Chief Financial Officer
* Paul Adams, Independent Non-Executive Director
* George Culmer, Independent Non-Executive Director
* Irene Dorner, Independent Non-Executive Director
* Anita Frew, Independent Non-Executive Director and Chair Designate
* Beverly Goulet, Independent Non-Executive Director
* Lee Hsien Yang, Independent Non-Executive Director
* Nick Luff, Independent Non-Executive Director
* Sir Kevin Smith, Senior Independent Director
* Dame Angela Strank, Independent Non-Executive Director
* Pamela Coles, Company Secretary and Chief Governance Officer

==Products==
[[File:Olympus 593 AB.jpg|thumb|The [[Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus 593|Olympus 593]] powered the [[Concorde]] supersonic transport.]]
[[File:Conway RCo 17 (26856340848).jpg|thumb|The [[Rolls-Royce Conway|Conway]] was the first [[turbofan]] to enter service.]]
[[File:Bristol Siddeley Pegasus (28135065767).jpg|thumb|The [[Rolls-Royce Pegasus|Pegasus]] with [[Thrust vectoring|vectored thrust]] for the [[Harrier jump jet]]]]
[[File:Rolls-Royce Trent XWB Fan, ILA 2018.jpg|thumb|The [[A350]]'s [[Trent XWB]] is Rolls-Royce largest engine.]]
Rolls-Royce's aerospace business makes commercial and military [[gas turbine]] engines for military, civil, and corporate aircraft customers worldwide. In the United States, the company makes engines for regional and corporate jets, [[helicopter]]s, and [[turboprop]] aircraft. Rolls-Royce also constructs and installs power [[Electrical generator|generation]] systems. Its core gas turbine technology has created one of the broadest product ranges of aero-engines in the world, with 50,000 engines in service with 500 airlines, 2,400 corporate and utility operators and more than 100 armed forces, powering both [[fixed-wing aircraft|fixed-]] and [[helicopter|rotary-wing aircraft]]. [[Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations]] (a subsidiary company) manufactures and tests [[nuclear reactor]]s for [[Royal Navy|Royal Naval]] [[submarines]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onr.org.uk/sites/rolls-royce-marine-power-operations.htm|title=Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations|publisher=Office of Nuclear Regulation|access-date=10 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611115556/http://www.onr.org.uk/sites/rolls-royce-marine-power-operations.htm|archive-date=11 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Aerospace===

In 2019, Rolls-Royce delivered 510 [[Rolls-Royce Trent|Trent]] powerplants, while 5,029 large engines were installed, including 32% [[Trent 700]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/air-transport/rolls-royce-nears-break-even-delivery-for-a350-900-powerplant/137001.article |title= Rolls-Royce nears break-even delivery for A350-900 powerplant |author= David Kaminski-Morrow |date= 28 February 2020 |work= FlightGlobal}}</ref>
For [[business jet]]s, [[research and development]] in the [[market niche]]s is a $2 billion annual investment, for a predicted market of 8,500 to 9,000 aircraft over the 2020 decade.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2018-05-28/rolls-royce-pearl-15-marks-launch-new-engine-family |title= Rolls-Royce Pearl 15 Marks Launch of New Engine Family |author= Kerry Lynch |date= 28 May 2018 |work= AIN online |access-date= 28 May 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180528112210/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2018-05-28/rolls-royce-pearl-15-marks-launch-new-engine-family |archive-date= 28 May 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref>
{{div-col}}

====Turbojets====
* [[Rolls-Royce Avon]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Viper]]
* [[Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus 593]]
* [[Rolls-Royce RB162]]

====Turbofans====
* [[Eurojet EJ200]]
* [[General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136]] (not developed)
* [[International Aero Engines V2500]]
* [[Rolls-Royce AE 3007]]
* [[Rolls-Royce BR700]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Conway]]
* [[Rolls-Royce RB211]]
* [[Rolls-Royce RB282]] (not developed)
* [[Rolls-Royce Spey]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Tay (turbofan)|Rolls-Royce Tay]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Pegasus]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Trent]]
* [[Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca Adour]]
* [[Turbo-Union RB199]]

====Turboshafts====
* [[LHTEC T800]] (with [[Honeywell]])
* [[MTR390]] (with [[MTU Aero Engines|MTU]] and [[Turbomeca]])
* [[Rolls-Royce Gem]]
* [[Allison Model 250|Rolls-Royce Model 250]]
* [[Rolls-Royce RR300]]
* [[Rolls-Royce RR500]]
* [[Rolls-Royce T406]]/AE 1107C-Liberty
* [[Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca RTM322]]

====Turboprops====
* [[Europrop TP400|Europrop TP400-D6]] (as part of [[Europrop International]])
* [[Rolls-Royce AE 2100]]
* [[Allison T56|Rolls-Royce T56]]

====Rocket engines====
* [[Larch (rocket engine)|Larch]]
* [[Rolls-Royce RB545|RB545]] ([[HOTOL]])
* [[Rolls-Royce RZ.2|RZ.2]]

===Marine===

====Gas turbines====
* [[Rolls-Royce AG9140|AG9140]]
* [[Rolls-Royce MT7|MT7]]
* [[Rolls-Royce MT30|MT30]]
* [[Rolls-Royce RR4500|RR4500]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Spey|Spey SM1A and improved SM1C]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Olympus|Olympus TM1, TM1A and improved TM3B]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Tyne|Tyne RM1A and improved RM1C]]
* [[Northrop Grumman/Rolls-Royce WR-21|WR-21]]

====Propulsion====
* [[Kamewa]] and Bird-Johnson [[Pump-jet|Waterjets]]
* Kamewa [[Bow thruster|Tunnel thruster]]
* [[MerMaid]] pod propulsion
* Ulstein Aquamaster [[Azimuth thruster]]
* Rolls-Royce [[MTU Friedrichshafen|MTU Engines]]

====Submarine====
* [[Nato Submarine Rescue System]]
* [[Rolls-Royce PWR#PWR1|PWR1 reactor]]
* [[Rolls-Royce PWR#PWR2|PWR2 reactor]]
* [[Rolls-Royce PWR#PWR3|PWR3 reactor]]
* [[Molten salt battery#Secondary cells|Zebra (battery)]]

====Stabilisers====
* Brown Brothers Legacy Stabilizers
* Brown Brothers Neptune or VM Stabilizers
* Brown Brothers Aquarius Stabilizers
{{div-col-end}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|London|Companies|Aviation|Cars}}
* [[Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom]]
* [[GE Aerospace]], competing engine manufacturer
* [[Pratt & Whitney]], competing engine manufacturer
* [[Power by the Hour]]
* [[Survivable Airborne Operations Center]]
{{Clear}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|35em}}

===Bibliography===
* Gunston, Bill. ''Development of Piston Aero Engines''. Cambridge, UK. Patrick Stephens Limited, 2006. {{ISBN|0-7509-4478-1}}.
* Newhouse, John. ''The Sporty Game: The High-Risk Competitive Business of Making and Selling Commercial Airliners.'' New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982. {{ISBN|978-0-394-51447-5}}.
* Pugh, Peter. ''The Magic of a Name: The Rolls-Royce Story, The First 40 Years''. London: Icon Books, 2000. {{ISBN|1-84046-151-9}}.
* Pugh, Peter.  ''The Magic of a Name: The Rolls-Royce Story, Part 2, The Power Behind the Jets''.  London: Icon Books, 2001. {{ISBN|1-84046-284-1}}.
* Pugh, Peter.  ''The Magic of a Name: The Rolls-Royce Story, Part 3, A Family of Engines''.  London: Icon Books, 2002. {{ISBN|1-84046-405-4}}.

===Footnotes===
{{reflist|group=nb}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.rolls-royce.com/investors/annual-report-archive.aspx#annual-reports Rolls-Royce's annual report archive]
* {{PM20|FID=co/019192|TEXT=Documents and clippings about|NAME=}}

{{Rolls-Royce Plc}}
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