View source for Gallaudet University

{{Short description|Private university for those with hearing loss in Washington, D.C.}}
{{redirect|Gallaudet}}
{{Infobox university
 | name                   = Gallaudet University
 | image                  = GallaudetSeal.png
 | image_upright          = 0.8
 | image_alt              = 
 | caption                = 
 | other_name             = 
 | former_names           = National College for the Deaf and Dumb (1864–1865)<br />National Deaf-Mute College (1865–1894)<br />Gallaudet College (1894–1986)
 | motto                  = ''אתפתח''/''[[Ephphatha]]'' ([[Aramaic]])
 | motto_lang             = 
 | mottoeng               = "Be opened"
 | type                   = [[Private university|Private]] [[University charter#Federal|federally chartered university]]<ref>[http://gallyprotest.org/profiles_of_existing_government_corporations_gao_report_1988.pdf ''Profiles of Existing Government Corporations—A Study Prepared by the U.S. General Accounting Office for the Committee on Government Operations''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415143751/http://gallyprotest.org/profiles_of_existing_government_corporations_gao_report_1988.pdf |date=April 15, 2012 }}. 1988. (Document: H402-4) Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, pp. 18, 125</ref>
 | established            = {{start date and age|1864|4|8}}
 | academic_affiliation   = [[Consortium of Universities of the Washington Metropolitan Area|CUWMA]]
 | religious_affiliation  = 
 | accreditation          = [[Middle States Commission on Higher Education|MSCHE]]
 | endowment              = $191.6 million (2022)<ref name="2022 report">{{cite web |title=Annual Report of Achievements: Fiscal Year 2022 |url=https://storage.googleapis.com/gal-media/documents/Accreditation-Certification-and-Licensure/2022%20Gallaudet%20University%20ARA.pdf |website=Gallaudet University |access-date=February 14, 2023}}</ref>
 | budget                 = 
 | president              = [[Roberta Cordano]]
 | academic_staff         = 239<ref name="2018 report">{{cite web |url=https://www.gallaudet.edu/documents/Academic-Affairs/Annual-Reports/annual-report-FY2018.pdf |title=Annual Report of Achievements: October 1, 2017 – September 30, 2018 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2019 |website=Gallaudet University |publisher=Gallaudet University of the Provost |access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref>
 | administrative_staff   = 692<ref name="2018 report"/>
 | students               = 1,558 (Fall 2022)<ref name="2022 report"/>
 | undergrad              = 914 (Fall 2022)<ref name="2022 report"/>
 | postgrad               = 408 (Fall 2022)<ref name="2022 report"/>
 | other                  = 236 (Fall 2022)<ref name="2022 report"/>
 | city                   = [[Washington, D.C.]]
 | state                  = 
 | country                = United States
 | coordinates            = {{Coord|38.907222|-76.993056|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
 | campus                 = Large city,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Gallaudet&s=all&id=131450|title=College Navigator - Gallaudet University|website=nces.ed.gov}}</ref> {{convert|99|acres|km2}}
 | free_label             = Newspaper
 | free                   = ''The Buff and Blue''
 | colors                 = {{colorbox|#EFCA77}} Buff<br />{{colorbox|#0F4D81}} Blue<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gallaudet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GU-Brandbook-2021.pdf |title=Gallaudet University Brand Book/Style Guide|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2021 |website=Gallaudet University |publisher=Gallaudet University Office of Communications and Public Relations |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref>
 | sporting_affiliations  = {{hlist|[[Division III (NCAA)|NCAA Division III]] - [[United East Conference|United East]]|[[Eastern Collegiate Football Conference|ECFC]]}}
 | athletics_nickname     = Bison
 | mascot                 = Gally the Bison<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.gallaudetathletics.com/news/2014-15/gally |title=Gallaudet's new mascot, Gally, debuts during 150th Reunion Week |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=10 July 2014 |website=Gallaudet University Athletics |publisher=Gallaudet University |access-date=5 July 2019 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308113548/https://www.gallaudetathletics.com/news/2014-15/gally |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 | website                = {{url|http://www.gallaudet.edu/}}
 | logo                   = Gallaudet University logo.svg
 | logo_size              = 
 | logo_alt               = 
 | footnotes              = 
}}

'''Gallaudet University'''{{efn|"Columbia Institution for the Deaf" was the corporate name from 1911 for what is now Gallaudet University. In 1954 a law was passed, changing the corporate name to "Gallaudet College."  (The collegiate department of the Columbia Institution had gone by the name "Gallaudet College" since 1894.)  In 1986, another law was passed changing the name to "Gallaudet University."<ref>{{cite web|title=Title 20: Education|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title20/pdf/USCODE-2011-title20-chap55-subchapI-partA-sec4301.pdf|publisher=US Government Printing Office|pages=1097–1098|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610224527/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title20/pdf/USCODE-2011-title20-chap55-subchapI-partA-sec4301.pdf|archive-date=June 10, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>}} ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l|ə|ˈ|d|ɛ|t}} {{Respell|GAL|ə|DET}}) is a [[private university|private]] [[University charter#Federal|federally chartered university]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], for the education of the [[Hearing loss|deaf and hard of hearing]]. It was founded in 1864 as a grammar school for both deaf and blind children. It was the first school for the advanced education of the deaf and hard of hearing in the world and remains the only higher education institution in which all programs and services are specifically designed to accommodate deaf and hard of hearing students. Hearing students are admitted to the graduate school and a small number are also admitted as undergraduates each year. The university was named after [[Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet]], a notable figure in the advancement of deaf education.

Gallaudet University is officially bilingual, with [[American Sign Language]] (ASL) and written [[English language|English]] used for instruction and by the college community. Although there are no specific ASL proficiency requirements for undergraduate admission, many graduate programs require varying degrees of knowledge of the language as a prerequisite.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gallaudet.edu/x571.xml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016092852/http://gallaudet.edu/x571.xml|title=Communication & Culture Issues – Gallaudet University<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=October 16, 2007}}</ref> It is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "Doctoral/Professional Universities".<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup |url=https://carnegieclassifications.acenet.edu/institution/gallaudet-university/|website=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu |access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref>

==History==
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{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2015}}

===Early history (1856–1900)===
[[File:Amos kendall by mathew brady.jpg|thumb|Amos Kendall by [[Mathew Brady]]]]
In 1856, [[philanthropist]] and former [[United States Postmaster General|United States postmaster general]] [[Amos Kendall]] became aware of several deaf and blind children in [[Washington, D.C.]], who were not receiving proper care. Kendall had the courts declare the children to be his wards and donated {{convert|2|acre|ha}} of his land to establish housing and a school for them.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Gallaudet University|url=http://www.gallaudet.edu/Gallaudet_University/About_Gallaudet/History.html|publisher=Gallaudet University|access-date=July 18, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415133323/http://www.gallaudet.edu/Gallaudet_University/About_Gallaudet/History.html|archive-date=April 15, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The school was established in 1857 with considerable efforts being made by several concerned citizens, including [[Edward Miner Gallaudet]], of Washington, D.C. Two houses were used at the school's inception, one purchased and one rented.

In 1857, the [[34th United States Congress|34th Congress]] passed H.R. 806, which chartered the [[grammar school]] as the '''Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind''' and funded tuition costs for indigent deaf, dumb ([[muteness|mute]]), or blind children belonging to the [[District of Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=011/llsl011.db&recNum=182|publisher=The Library of Congress|access-date=July 18, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515112215/http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=011/llsl011.db&recNum=182|archive-date=May 15, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Edward Miner Gallaudet]] was the first superintendent of the new school.

On November 1, 1858, the First Annual Report was submitted to the Secretary of the Interior.<ref>{{cite web|title=First Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1858.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=1 November 1858|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209174704/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1858.pdf|archive-date=February 9, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

[[File:Edward Miner Gallaudet - Brady-Handy.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Edward Miner Gallaudet]]
During the school's second full year of operation (1858–1859), 14 deaf students and 7 blind students were in attendance. Superintendent Gallaudet, anticipating the future growth of the school, requested money for more buildings, lamenting the fact that the money was not issued in the year prior, due to federal budget problems. The Second Annual Report was submitted November 5, 1859.<ref>{{cite web|title=Second Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1859.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=5 November 1859|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055240/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1859.pdf|archive-date=September 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

During the third academic year (1859–1860), Kendall beseeched the federal government for funds to relocate the school to more spacious grounds. Gallaudet praised Kendall for donating money needed to construct a new brick building; both existing school buildings were already at capacity. There were 24 deaf students, necessitating a second teacher of the deaf. The teacher of the 6 blind students resigned due to health concerns.<ref>{{cite web|title=Third Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1860.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=5 November 1860|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209174816/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1860.pdf|archive-date=February 9, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

By the start of the 1860–1861 academic year, the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] had been in progress for over six months. Gallaudet reported that the students were safe and free from fear. There were 35 deaf students and 6 blind students in attendance during the academic year. An art teacher was hired for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fourth Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1861.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=5 November 1861|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054740/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1861.pdf|archive-date=September 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

During 1861–1862, new monies provided for industrial education were used to rent a nearby shop in order to teach cabinet-making to the male students. Plans were underway to construct a new building using $9,000 that Congress appropriated to the school. There were 35 deaf students and 6 blind students. During vacation in August a regiment of [[Union (Civil War)|Union]] troops used the brick building for a hospital, and some of the students who stayed over the summer helped with tending to the sick soldiers. One soldier died. For the first time, Gallaudet proposed expanding the school to create a college for deaf students.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fifth Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1862.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=3 November 1862|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054124/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1862.pdf|archive-date=September 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Even with new construction completed for the 1862–1863 school year, the school was still at capacity and more money was needed to purchase {{convert|13|acre|ha}} of adjoining land and then build still more buildings. Gallaudet asked for money to pipe in water from the [[Anacostia River]], as the existing cistern and well were inadequate for the school's burgeoning needs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fifth Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1863.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=15 October 1863|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053805/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1863.pdf|archive-date=September 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

[[File:Columbia institution old fowler hall circa 1866.jpg|thumb|200px|Old Fowler Hall, {{circa|1866}}]]
College-level courses were offered for the first time during the 1863–64 academic year. In early 1864, the [[38th United States Congress|38th Congress]] authorized the institution to grant and confirm college degrees and an enabling act was signed by [[Abraham Lincoln|President Lincoln]] on April 8.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallaudet.edu/about/history-and-traditions/150th-anniversary/get-involved/charter-day-festival|title=Charter Day festival|publisher=Gallaudet University|access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref> Today, April 8 is celebrated at Gallaudet as ''Charter Day'' in commemoration of the official beginning of Gallaudet University.<ref>{{cite web|title=38th Congress: Session 1, Chapter 52|url=http://www.saveourdeafschools.org/an_act_to_authorize_the_columbia_institution_to_confer_degrees_april_8_1864.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|access-date=July 16, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054127/http://www.saveourdeafschools.org/an_act_to_authorize_the_columbia_institution_to_confer_degrees_april_8_1864.pdf|archive-date=September 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The collegiate department became known as the '''National College for the Deaf and Dumb''' from 1864 to 1865 and then would be known as the '''National Deaf-Mute College''' until 1894.<ref name="What's in a Name">{{cite web|url=https://www.gallaudet.edu/about/history-and-traditions/whats-in-a-name|title=What's in a Name|publisher=Gallaudet University|access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref> In recognition of his hard work in helping the institution grow during its formative years, Gallaudet was also promoted from superintendent to president. An elaborate inauguration ceremony of Gallaudet as president was held in June with [[Laurent Clerc]] in attendance. {{Convert|14|acre|ha}} of land was purchased with money supplied by the government. He continued to push for funds for expansion and new buildings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seventh Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1864.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=17 November 1864|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053806/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1864.pdf|archive-date=September 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The enrollment numbers increased rapidly during the 1864–1865 academic year. That same year, in early 1865, the 38th Congress removed the provision that the institution was to educate the blind, and renamed it the '''Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb'''. (This would be the corporate name for the entire institution, including the collegiate division, until 1911, when the legal name was changed to the '''Columbia Institution for the Deaf'''.<ref name="What's in a Name"/>) Gallaudet asked the government for money to accomplish several projects, including the construction of an [[ice house (building)|ice house]] and a [[gasworks|gas house]], sewer lines, and more. Major construction from earlier projects continued on campus. Following Gallaudet's proposal a year earlier to discontinue services for the small number of blind students the institution had at the time, explaining that the blind students would be better served at a specialized facility, the blind students were henceforth transferred to the [[Maryland School for the Blind|school for the blind]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Eight Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1865.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=6 November 1865|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054125/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1865.pdf|archive-date=September 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

During the 1865–1866 academic year, Gallaudet responded to criticism from supporters of the [[Oralism|oral method]] in Massachusetts, saying that oral instruction is usually of little value to congenitally deaf children. Gallaudet proposed that a representative of the school be sent to Europe to study the methods employed there, in order to determine which types of instructional methods might be added to those methods already being used successfully at the Columbia Institution and other American schools. Combined enrollment of all levels of instruction, including the collegiate level, exceeded 100 for the first time during this year. There were 25 students enrolled in the college, including students from 14 states. Edward Allen Fay joined the faculty as a professor of history, having learned to sign as a child.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ninth Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1866.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=6 November 1866|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053231/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1866.pdf|archive-date=September 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In the 1866–1867 academic year, the building for the primary school was extended and sickness was thereby reduced. A mathematics professor was hired for the first time. More money was needed to accommodate additional students expected to swell the ranks of the school.

[[File:D.C. Washington-Gallaudet College-1897-Exterior LCCN96506844.jpg|thumb|200px|Gallaudet College in 1897]]
Gallaudet gave a lengthy account of his travels to Europe in 1867 and was very critical of the extent to which speech is taught to deaf children in European schools for the deaf. Nevertheless, he recommended that a limited amount of speech training be afforded to deaf students in America to those who show they can benefit. His travels took him to: [[Doncaster]], England; [[Birmingham]], England; [[Manchester]], England; [[Liverpool]], England; [[Glasgow]], Scotland; [[Belfast]], Ireland; [[Dublin]], Ireland; [[Geneva]], Switzerland; [[Nancy, France|Nancy]], France, [[Saint-Hippolyte-du-Fort]], France; [[Vienna]], Austria; Leipsic, Saxony ([[Leipzig]], Germany); Lubec ([[Lübeck]], Germany); Frankfort On-the-Main ([[Frankfurt]], Germany); [[Brussels]], Belgium; [[Zürich]], Switzerland; [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands; [[Paris]], France; Weissenfels, Prussia ([[Weißenfels]], Germany); Prague, Bohemia; ([[Prague]], Czech Republic); Berlin, Prussia ([[Berlin]], Germany); [[Milan]], [[Italy]]; [[Genoa]], Italy; [[Turin]], Italy; Dresden, Saxony ([[Dresden]], Germany); [[London]], England; [[Edinburgh]], Scotland; [[Bordeaux]], France; [[Marseille]]s, France; Munich, Bavaria ([[Munich]], Germany); [[Bruges]], Belgium; [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia; Åbo, Finland ([[Turku]], Finland); [[Stockholm]], Sweden; and [[Copenhagen]], Denmark.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tenth Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1867.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=28 October 1867|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209175505/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1867.pdf|archive-date=February 9, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The biggest educational conference in the then-history of deaf education was held during the month of May 1868 in Washington, D.C., largely made up of principals of schools for the deaf. Fourteen of the twenty-two schools for the deaf were represented. The chief topic of discussion was the recommendations put forth by Edward Gallaudet regarding adding articulation lessons to schools' curricula.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eleventh Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1868.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=26 October 1868|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219001856/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1868.pdf|archive-date=December 19, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In 1868–1869, the first students completed a full course of college studies, all three men graduating with bachelor's degrees in June.<ref>{{cite web|title=Twelfth Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1869.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=20 October 1869|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219000623/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1869.pdf|archive-date=December 19, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The founder of the school, Amos Kendall, died in November 1869. Gallaudet delivered a eulogy at the board meeting in January 1870. The main central building, now called Chapel Hall, was partially completed, with rooms in the basement and on the first floor first being used. Plans were being made to purchase Amos Kendall's estate, which adjoined the grounds of the school. Gallaudet cautioned Congress that Kendall's heirs had plans to subdivide the property if it was not sold to the Columbia Institution, and hence the land would never again become available for purchase as a whole.<ref>{{cite web |title=Twelfth Annual Report |url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1870.pdf |publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools |date=29 October 1870 |access-date=18 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229004647/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_1870.pdf |archive-date=February 29, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

In the 1871–1872 academic year, the diplomas of the graduates that summer were signed by President [[Ulysses S. Grant|U.S. Grant]], beginning a tradition of all Gallaudet graduates having their diplomas signed by the then-serving US president.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://aaweb.gallaudet.edu/About_Gallaudet/History_of_the_University.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826044831/http://aaweb.gallaudet.edu/About_Gallaudet/History_of_the_University.html|title=Gallaudet History – Gallaudet University<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=August 26, 2010}}</ref>

In 1881, Laura Sheridan, a hearing woman, inquired about the school accepting women. She was told that deaf women could not enter the institution at the time. In 1887 Gallaudet agreed to allow women to matriculate for the 1887-1888 and 1888–1889 academic years with the understanding that it would be considered an experiment. Temporary living arrangements were made for the 11 students who initially entered. Five female students remained when the school announced in 1889 that the college would be permanently coeducational, with two graduating. One of the students was [[Agatha Tiegel Hanson|Agatha Tiegel]] in the class of 1893, who later married the well-known deaf architect [[Olof Hanson (architect)|Olof Hanson]].<ref>Marschark, Marc, Lang, Harry G. and Albertini, John A. "Educating Deaf Students". Oxford University Press. 2002. p. 31</ref>

In 1894, the collegiate division was officially renamed '''Gallaudet College''' from the '''National Deaf-Mute College''' in honor of [[Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet]], President Gallaudet's father.<ref name="What's in a Name"/>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="120">
File:NORTH ELEVATION - Gallaudet College, Chapel Hall, Seventh and Florida Avenue Northeast, Washington, District of Columbia, DC HABS DC,WASH,428A-4.tif|Exterior view of the Chapel
File:CHAPEL, VIEW TOWARD CHOIR - Gallaudet College, Chapel Hall, Seventh and Florida Avenue Northeast, Washington, District of Columbia, DC HABS DC,WASH,428A-5.tif|Inside the chapel, view toward the Choir
File:CHAPEL, VIEW TOWARD PULPIT - Gallaudet College, Chapel Hall, Seventh and Florida Avenue Northeast, Washington, District of Columbia, DC HABS DC,WASH,428A-6.tif|Inside the chapel, view toward the Pulpit
File:SOUTH (MAIN) ELEVATION, VIEW TAKEN FROM PARK ACROSS ROAD - Gallaudet College, Chapel Hall, Seventh and Florida Avenue Northeast, Washington, District of Columbia, DC HABS DC,WASH,428A-3.tif|Chapel Hall
File:GENERAL VIEW - Gallaudet College, Seventh and Florida Avenue Northeast, Washington, District of Columbia, DC HABS DC,WASH,428-1.tif|Campus view looking south toward Faculty Row
</gallery>

===20th century===
[[File:Dom Pedro's Visit to Gallaudet College (1913).webm|thumb|Edward A. Fay signing "[[Pedro II of Brazil|Dom Pedro]]'s Visit to Gallaudet College" (1913)]]
In 1911, Congress amended the charter of the institution, changing the corporate name to '''Columbia Institution for the Deaf'''. It would remain the legal name for the institution until 1954, when Congress amended the charter to rename it '''Gallaudet College''', which had been the official name of the collegiate department since 1894.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallaudet.edu/about/history-and-traditions/whats-in-a-name|title=History and Traditions: What's in a Name|publisher=Gallaudet University|access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|title=Gallaudet College Hearing Before the Committee on Education and Labor|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/expansion_era.pdf|work=83rd Congress, Second Session|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=May 5, 1954|access-date=July 16, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053942/http://saveourdeafschools.org/expansion_era.pdf|archive-date=September 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

During his 17 years as Dean of the college in the 1950s and 1960s, George Ernst Detmold was a significant figure in helping the college achieve accreditation. He also led the college in developing new departments, especially drama. He directed Gallaudet theater productions, which eventually led to starting the [[National Theatre of the Deaf]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/15/AR2005081501363.html|title=Gallaudet Dean George Detmold, 88|date=August 16, 2005|via=www.washingtonpost.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111201655/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/15/AR2005081501363.html|archive-date=January 11, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In 1965, professors at Gallaudet compiled the first-ever dictionary of ASL signs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manuscripts - The William C. Stokoe Papers, 1946-1992 - Manuscript Collection |url=https://gallaudet.edu/archives/archives-collections/manuscript-collection/manuscripts-the-william-c-stokoe-papers-1946-1992/ |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Gallaudet University |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1986, Congress again amended the charter of the institution, renaming it '''Gallaudet University'''.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{usctc|20|55}}, "EDUCATION OF THE DEAF"</ref>

[[File:GallaudetUniv.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Gallaudet University Campus]]

===Deaf President Now (1988)===
{{Main|Deaf President Now}}

Student strikes at Gallaudet University starting March 6, 1988, revolutionized the perception and education of [[Deaf culture]]. Deaf students were outraged at the selection of another hearing president, [[Elisabeth Zinser]]; the university had never selected a deaf person for this position. Alumni, faculty, staff, and students demanded that the next president of the university be deaf. After a week of protest and activism, Zinser resigned and was replaced by [[I. King Jordan]]. This movement became known as ''Deaf President Now'' (DPN).

===Unity for Gallaudet Movement (2006)===
{{Main|Unity for Gallaudet}}
[[File:The Chapel Hall building at Gallaudet University, located between 6th and 9th St., NE, Washington, D.C LCCN2010641807.jpg|thumb|Chapel Hall]]
[[File:Gallaudet University.jpg|thumb|Florida Avenue entrance]]
[[File:Gallaudet union.jpg|thumb|Student Academic Center (SAC)]]
Jordan announced his retirement in September 2005. On May 1, 2006, the university's board of trustees announced that [[Jane Fernandes]], the university's then-current [[Provost (education)|provost]], would be the university's next president. This was met with protests from the student body – in person, on campus, and in internet blogs and forums.

Initially, students cited the lack of racial diversity among finalists, Fernandes's lack of warmth,<ref>''[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]'': [http://chronicle.com/article/Student-Protests-Over/36959 "Student Protests Over Presidential Pick Return to Gallaudet U."] {{webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20111013211927/http://chronicle.com/article/Student-Protests-Over/36959 |date=October 13, 2011 }}</ref> and her lack of fluency in [[American Sign Language]].<ref>''[[The Washington Post]]'': [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/03/AR2006050300920.html "Gallaudet Names New President."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621193115/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/03/AR2006050300920.html |date=June 21, 2016 }}</ref>

Jordan publicly accused some critics of rejecting Fernandes because "she is not deaf enough." He described the protest as "[[identity politics]]", saying, "We are squabbling about what it means to be deaf."<ref>[[Fox News]]: [https://www.foxnews.com/story/is-gallaudet-universitys-dean-deaf-enough "Is Gallaudet University's Dean 'Deaf Enough'?"] </ref>

''[[The Washington Post]]'' reported that Fernandes "would like to see the institution become more inclusive of people who might not have grown up using sign language", stating that Gallaudet must embrace "all kinds of deaf people".<ref>''[[The Washington Post]]'': [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/14/AR2006051400805.html "Signs of Change At Gallaudet."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061940/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/14/AR2006051400805.html |date=September 21, 2013 }}</ref> Those who opposed her said that they feared a "weakening of American Sign Language at an institution that should be its standard-bearer."<ref>''The New York Times'': [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/13/us/13gallaudet.html "Protests Continue at University for Deaf."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514193506/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/13/us/13gallaudet.html |date=May 14, 2018 }}</ref> Protesters said Fernandes distorted their arguments and that the protest centered on her inability to lead, an unfair selection process and longstanding problems at the school.<ref>''[[The Washington Post]]'': [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/22/AR2006102201086.html "Source of Gallaudet Turmoil Is Up for Debate."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122518/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/22/AR2006102201086.html |date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref>

In the spring 2006 protest, students blocked entrances to the Gallaudet campus, held rallies, and set up tents near the university's main entrance. Fernandes, appointed to serve as president-designate until Jordan retired, said that she would not step down. On May 8, the faculty gave a vote of no confidence for Fernandes.

When the fall 2006 academic year resumed, some students, faculty, staff, and alumni continued their protest, calling for Fernandes to step down and for the presidential search to be done again. On October 11, a group of protesting students shut down the campus. On October 16 at a regularly scheduled meeting, faculty members voted 138 to 24 to block Fernandes from becoming president of Gallaudet University.

Fernandes said, "I really don't understand so I have to believe it's not about me. ... I believe it's about evolution and change and growth in the deaf community."<ref>''[[The Washington Post]]'': [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/14/AR2006101400375_2.html?nav=hcmodule "Gallaudet Reopens With Protesters Still At Front Gates."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135013/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/14/AR2006101400375_2.html?nav=hcmodule |date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref>

On October 29, the university withdrew the appointment of Fernandes.<ref>Inside Gallaudet: [http://news.gallaudet.edu/?id=9633 "Board of Trustees votes to terminate Dr. Jane Fernandes appointment as president"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061201100255/http://news.gallaudet.edu/?id=9633 |date=December 1, 2006 }}</ref> In an opinion piece in ''The Washington Post'', Jordan defended Fernandes's remarks and denounced the board's decision and the actions of the protesters, saying, "I am convinced that the board made a serious error in acceding to the demands of the protesters by terminating Fernandes's presidency before it began."<ref name="Post12-10-06">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/10/AR2006121000242.html Gallaudet Chooses Interim President] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322143651/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/10/AR2006121000242.html |date=March 22, 2018 }}, ''Washington Post'', December 11, 2006</ref>

On December 10, 2006, the Board of Trustees announced that [[Robert R. Davila|Robert Davila]] would serve as interim president for a period of up to two years.<ref name="Post1-21-07" /> He was formally installed on May 9, 2007, during a ceremony that included a speech by D.C. Congressional Delegate [[Eleanor Holmes Norton]], who spoke positively of the 2006 protest.<ref>{{cite web|title=Speech by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton at the Installation of Gallaudet President Robert R. Davila|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/eleanor_holmes_norton_speech_at_davila_installation_2007.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=May 9, 2007|access-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209173922/http://saveourdeafschools.org/eleanor_holmes_norton_speech_at_davila_installation_2007.pdf|archive-date=February 9, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He stepped down on December 31, 2009.

On June 29, 2007, in the aftermath of the controversy over the university's presidency, Gallaudet was temporarily placed on probation by its [[educational accreditation|accreditation]] organization, the Commission on Higher Education of the [[Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.gallaudet.edu/?id=11298|title=News|website=news.gallaudet.edu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100622061903/http://news.gallaudet.edu/?ID=11298|archive-date=June 22, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> It was also reported that in 2006, the [[Office of Management and Budget]] had found that "Gallaudet failed to meet its goals or showed declining performance in key areas, including the number of students who stay in school, graduate and either pursue graduate degrees or find jobs upon graduation."<ref name="Post7-13-07">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/13/AR2007071301894.html On Probation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322082128/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/13/AR2007071301894.html |date=March 22, 2018 }}, Washington Post, July 14, 2007.</ref> In January 2007, former president Jordan wrote an editorial on the topic that appeared in ''The Washington Post''.<ref name="Post1-21-07">{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/21/AR2007012101118.html?sub=AR | newspaper=The Washington Post | title=Deaf Culture and Gallaudet | date=January 22, 2007 | access-date=May 3, 2010 | first=I. King | last=Jordan | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104153017/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/21/AR2007012101118.html?sub=AR | archive-date=November 4, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The Middle States Commission later reaffirmed Gallaudet's accreditation on June 27, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aaweb.gallaudet.edu/MSCHE.xml |title=MSCHE Accreditation – Gallaudet University |publisher=Aaweb.gallaudet.edu |date=June 26, 2008 |access-date=February 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609124309/http://aaweb.gallaudet.edu/MSCHE.xml |archive-date=June 9, 2010}}</ref>

On October 18, 2009, the Board of Trustees announced that Gallaudet's tenth president would be [[Alan Hurwitz]]. He began his tenure on January 1, 2010, and served until he retired on December 31, 2015, succeeded by [[Roberta Cordano]], the eleventh president.

==Congressional charter==
The university acknowledges that it "is a congressionally created corporation that serves governmental objectives."<ref>{{cite web|title=Janice Becker, Plaintiff vs. Gallaudet University, Defendant|url=http://www.saveourdeafschools.org/becker_v_gallaudet.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|access-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313200639/http://www.saveourdeafschools.org/becker_v_gallaudet.pdf|archive-date=March 13, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
The university and the [[US Department of Education]] explain that Gallaudet has been structured by the Federal Government to take the form of a "federally chartered, private, non-profit educational institution." The federal government plays various roles within the institution:<ref>{{cite web|title=Profiles of Existing Government Corporations|url=http://archive.gao.gov/d27t7/140199.pdf|publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office|access-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312080939/http://archive.gao.gov/d27t7/140199.pdf|archive-date=March 12, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* Congress incorporated the Columbia Institution in 1857, significantly amended its charter in 1954, and authorized permanent congressional appropriations. In 1986, Congress passed the Education of the Deaf Act and amended it in 1992. These Congressional acts are part of "the supreme law of Gallaudet University."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gallaudet.edu/Board_of_Trustees/Bylaws/Authority.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605013348/http://www.gallaudet.edu/Board_of_Trustees/Bylaws/Authority.html|title=Article I – Authority – Gallaudet University<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=June 5, 2013}}</ref>
* Gallaudet must obtain authorization from the secretary of the US Department of Education in order to sell or transfer title of any of its real property.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* The diplomas of all Gallaudet graduates are signed by the current U.S. president, which dates from President [[Ulysses S. Grant|U.S. Grant]] signing students' diplomas in 1869.<ref name="auto"/>
* Three members of Congress are appointed to the university's board of trustees as "Public Members".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gallaudet.edu/x245.xml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901104029/http://www.gallaudet.edu/x245.xml|title=Board of Trustees – Gallaudet University<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=September 1, 2006}}</ref>
* Gallaudet must provide annual reports to the secretary of education.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d102:HR05483:@@@D&summ2=m&|title=H.R.5483 – 102nd Congress (1991–1992): Education of the Deaf Act Amendments of 1992|first=Owens|last=Major|date=October 16, 1992|website=thomas.loc.gov|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705072943/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d102:HR05483:@@@D&summ2=m&|archive-date=July 5, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* "Gallaudet receives the bulk of its income in the form of an annual appropriation from Congress, and the Department of Education oversees the University's appropriation for the Federal government."<ref>[http://af.gallaudet.edu/budget.asp Administration and Finance – Gallaudet University<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619080557/http://af.gallaudet.edu/budget.asp |date=June 19, 2006 }}</ref>
* Gallaudet University (and the [[National Technical Institute for the Deaf]]) are authorized to make purchases through the [[General Services Administration]].

Gallaudet's Fifty-Fifth Annual Report<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1912.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227174521/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1912.pdf|title=Columbia Institution for the Deaf Annual Report, Gallaudet University Archives, 1912|archive-date=February 27, 2008}}</ref> contains an appendix that includes the text of 99 Federal Acts related to Gallaudet/Columbia which were enacted between 1857 and 1912.

===Presidential visits===
There have been 15 occasions to date in Gallaudet's history when a US president has visited either the campus or attended an official function off campus.<ref>Centennial Souvenir Book Committee. 1965. "Presidents Who Came To Our College," in: Our Heritage—Gallaudet College Centennial, Graphic Arts Press: Washington, D.C., page 28</ref> President Johnson's second visit, in 1966, was unannounced and impromptu. President Taft had promised to attend President Percival Hall's installation on May 10, 1911, and give an address, but cancelled at the last minute before the ceremony.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VvQ-VlMe9tkC&q=Gallaudet+%22president+of+the+Columbia+Institution%22&pg=PA171 The Installation of President Hall]. Volta Review, Vol 13, No. 3, p. 171</ref> President Kennedy had planned to attend the centennial celebration at Gallaudet in 1964, but was [[Assassination of President John F. Kennedy|assassinated]].<ref>Gallaudet College Alumni Association. 1964. [http://saveourdeafschools.org/Our_Heritage.pdf Our Heritage: Gallaudet College Centennial] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075801/http://saveourdeafschools.org/Our_Heritage.pdf |date=February 11, 2017 }}, Washington, DC: Graphic Arts Press, p. 21</ref>

* President [[Ulysses S. Grant]], 1870 and 1871.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1870.pdf|title=Columbia Institution for the Deaf Annual Report, Gallaudet University Archives, 1870|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227174616/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1870.pdf|archive-date=February 27, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Growing College|url=http://gallyprotest.org/voice_of_the_deaf_by%20_maxine_tull_boatner_page_89.pdf|publisher=Gallaudet Protest|access-date=16 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308212313/http://gallyprotest.org/voice_of_the_deaf_by%20_maxine_tull_boatner_page_89.pdf|archive-date=March 8, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* President [[Rutherford B. Hayes]], 1877,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbhayes.org/hayes/content/files/RBHSpeeches/speechesrbh183.htm|title=Speeches & Messages of Rutherford B. Hayes|website=Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928024911/http://www.rbhayes.org/hayes/content/files/RBHSpeeches/speechesrbh183.htm|archive-date=September 28, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> 1878, 1879, and 1880.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1877.pdf|title=Columbia Institution for the Deaf Annual Report, Gallaudet University Archives, 1877|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227174303/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1877.pdf|archive-date=February 27, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QO9agyBkL3MC&q=%22twenty-first+annual%22+hayes+gallaudet&pg=RA3-PA132 |title=History of the College for the Deaf, 1857–1907 – Edward Miner Gallaudet, Lance J. Fischer, David L. De Lorenzo – Google Boeken |access-date=February 10, 2012|isbn=9780913580851 |last1=Gallaudet |first1=Edward Miner |last2=Fischer |first2=Lance J. |last3=De Lorenzo |first3=David L. |year=1983 |publisher=Gallaudet University Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1879.pdf|title=Columbia Institution for the Deaf Annual Report, Gallaudet University Archives, 1879|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227174538/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1879.pdf|archive-date=February 27, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb: 23rd Annual Report|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1880.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|access-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313101459/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1880.pdf|archive-date=March 13, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* President [[James A. Garfield]], 1881.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1881.pdf|title=Columbia Institution for the Deaf Annual Report, Gallaudet University Archives, 1881|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227173726/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1881.pdf|archive-date=February 27, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gallaudet|first=Edward M.|title=A History of the Columbia Institution For The Deaf and Dumb.|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/edward_miner_gallaudet_history_of_the_columbia_institution.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|access-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209174115/http://saveourdeafschools.org/edward_miner_gallaudet_history_of_the_columbia_institution.pdf|archive-date=February 9, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Address of Emeritus President E.M. Gallaudet|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/edward_miner_gallaudet_address_1914.pdf|publisher=Save Our Deaf Schools|date=May 6, 1914|access-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209174121/http://saveourdeafschools.org/edward_miner_gallaudet_address_1914.pdf|archive-date=February 9, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* President [[Chester A. Arthur]], 1882.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1882.pdf|title=Columbia Institution for the Deaf Annual Report, Gallaudet University Archives, 1882|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227174252/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1882.pdf|archive-date=February 27, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* President [[Grover Cleveland]], 1885.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1885.pdf|title=Columbia Institution for the Deaf Annual Report, Gallaudet University Archives, 1885|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327004806/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1885.pdf|archive-date=March 27, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* President [[Benjamin Harrison]], 1889 (two visits, May and June).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327063422/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1989.pdf|title=Columbia Institution for the Deaf Annual Report, Gallaudet University Archives, 1889|archive-date=March 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>Gallaudet College Alumni Association. 1964. [http://saveourdeafschools.org/Our_Heritage.pdf Our Heritage: Gallaudet College Centennial] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075801/http://saveourdeafschools.org/Our_Heritage.pdf |date=February 11, 2017 }}, Washington, DC: Graphic Arts Press, p. 28</ref>
* President [[Theodore Roosevelt]], 1906.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/presidentialadd17roosrich|title=Presidential addresses and state papers|first=Theodore|last=Roosevelt|date=March 23, 2018|publisher=New York : The Review of Reviews Company|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1906.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327020530/http://saveourdeafschools.org/columbia_institution_for_the_deaf_annual_report_1906.pdf|title=Columbia Institution for the Deaf Annual Report, Gallaudet University Archives, 1906|archive-date=March 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Our Heritage: Gallaudet College Centennial |date=1964 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Graphic Arts Press |df=mdy-all |oclc=3215893}}</ref>
* President [[Lyndon Baines Johnson]], 1964<ref>Gannon, Jack. 1981. ''Deaf Heritage–A Narrative History of Deaf America'', Silver Spring, MD: National Association of the Deaf, p. 319 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20120424041543/http://saveourdeafschools.org/Deaf_Heritage_by_Jack_Gannon_page_319.pdf PDF])</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=26297 |title=Lyndon B. Johnson: Remarks at the Gallaudet College Centennial Banquet |publisher=Presidency.ucsb.edu |date=June 6, 1964 |access-date=July 16, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523135955/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=26297 |archive-date=May 23, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>[https://ssl.gallaudet.edu/videolibrary/?embed=19941 President Lyndon B. Johnson Visits Gallaudet College]</ref><ref>[https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt11/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt11-8-1.pdf ''Congressional Record--Senate''] (June 26, 1964), p. 15212</ref> and 1966.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://saveourdeafschools.org/lyndon_johnson_itinerary_june_13_1966.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-01-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227174452/http://saveourdeafschools.org/lyndon_johnson_itinerary_june_13_1966.pdf |archive-date=February 27, 2008 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://videocatalog.gallaudet.edu/?video=19798|title=Deaf film 166-4: President Lyndon B. Johnson as guest speaker at Gallaudet Commencement, June 13, 1966 – Gallaudet University|first=Gallaudet|last=University|website=videocatalog.gallaudet.edu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927230149/http://videocatalog.gallaudet.edu/?video=19798|archive-date=September 27, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/06/14/archives/uninvited-guest-named-johnson-is-graduation-speaker-for-deaf.html|title = Uninvited Guest Named Johnson is Graduation Speaker for Deaf|newspaper = The New York Times|date = June 14, 1966}}</ref>
* President [[Bill Clinton]], 1994.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2889/is_n19_v30/ai_15524191 | work=Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents | title=Remarks at the Gallaudet University Commencement Ceremony | year=1994 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711222316/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2889/is_n19_v30/ai_15524191/ | archive-date=July 11, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Academics==
Several programs and majors are offered at Gallaudet University. The five most popular majors are business, visual and performing arts, communication studies, physical education, and psychology. Gallaudet University offers thirty graduate programs in ten Departments as well as on-line and on-campus continuing education courses.<ref name=USNews /> Over 90 percent of the classes offered at Gallaudet University contain fewer than 20 students.<ref name=USNews>{{cite magazine|title=Gallaudet University|url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/gallaudet-university-1443/academics|magazine=U.S. News & World Report|access-date=9 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922013821/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/gallaudet-university-1443/academics|archive-date=September 22, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The freshman retention rate at the university is 69–77 percent, the four-year graduation rate is 17–27 percent, and the six-year graduation rate is 43–53 percent (for freshmen entering 2008–2012).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gallaudet.edu/documents/Institutional-Research/Retention%20and%20Graduation/UDG-FTF-Student-Retention-and-Graduation-Rates-Fall-2018.pdf|title=Undergraduate first time freshmen student retention and graduation rates|date=Fall 2018|access-date=May 22, 2019|archive-date=December 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211234040/https://www.gallaudet.edu/documents/Institutional-Research/Retention%20and%20Graduation/UDG-FTF-Student-Retention-and-Graduation-Rates-Fall-2018.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Classes are conducted in ASL with no spoken English, and curriculum materials are designed in both ASL and English. The classrooms are visually-oriented, and are organized around the philosophy of [[DeafSpace]], such as all the desks arranged in a circle so that all students and teachers can see one another for discussions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bauman|first1=H-Dirksen L|last2=Murray|first2=Joseph M.|date=January 2009|title=Reframing: From Hearing Loss to Deaf Gain|url=http://dsdj.gallaudet.edu/assets/section/section2/entry19/DSDJ_entry19.pdf|journal=Deaf Studies Digital Journal|via=DSDJ|access-date=December 20, 2018|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411214324/http://dsdj.gallaudet.edu/assets/section/section2/entry19/DSDJ_entry19.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> If a professor needs to get the attention of the classroom, they will flash a light signal.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gormally|first1=Cara L.|last2=Marchut|first2=Amber|date=January 2017|title="Science is not my thing": Exploring Deaf Non-Science Majors' Science Identities|url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1169376.pdf|journal=International Journal of Science Education|volume=20|issue=1|via=Educational Resources Information Center}}</ref>

==Campus==
[[File:Bison Statue, located outside of the Gallaudet University Field House, NE, Washington, D.C LCCN2010642261.tif|thumb|[[Bison]], the mascot<ref>{{cite web | url=http://libguides.gallaudet.edu/content.php?pid=351760 |title=FAQ: Gallaudet Bison: This guide offers background on Gallaudet University's Bison mascot. |publisher=Gallaudet University |date=August 2006}}</ref>]]
[[File:Gallaudet Mall, facing south at sunset.jpg|thumb|The Gallaudet Mall at the center of campus<br />{{panorama link|Gallaudet Mall photosphere.jpg}}]]

===Historic designations===
The Gallaudet campus, comprising the [[Gallaudet College Historic District]], has been designated a historic place on several registries and surveys:
* Gallaudet College Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc92.htm | title=National Register of Historical Places, District of Columbia : Galluadet University | publisher=[[National Park Service]] | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515004825/https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc92.htm | archive-date=May 15, 2017 | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/publication/attachments/Gallaudet%20College%20HD%20nom.pdf | title=National Register of Historical Places – Inventory Nomination Form | publisher=[[National Park Service]] | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107100130/http://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/publication/attachments/Gallaudet%20College%20HD%20nom.pdf | archive-date=January 7, 2017 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites (listings added in 1964 and 1973).<ref name="planning1">{{cite web | url=https://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/publication/attachments/Street%20Index%20Update%202014%2010.pdf | title=D.C. Inventory of Historic Sites | publisher=District of Columbia | date=October 31, 2014 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207153121/http://planning.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/op/publication/attachments/Street%20Index%20Update%202014%2010.pdf | archive-date=February 7, 2017 | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://historicsites.dcpreservation.org/items/show/224 | title=Gallaudet College Historic District | publisher=District of Columbia | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803015450/http://historicsites.dcpreservation.org/items/show/224 | archive-date=August 3, 2017 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* National Historic Landmarks designation (added 1965).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/dc/DC.pdf | title=NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS SURVEY | publisher=[[National Park Service]] | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801100122/https://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/dc/DC.pdf | archive-date=August 1, 2017 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* Historic American Buildings Survey (added 1933).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/master/pnp/habshaer/dc/dc0100/dc0115/data/dc0115cap.pdf | title=HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY INDEX TO PHOTOGRAPHS | publisher=[[Library of Congress]] | date=October 1970 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224052822/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/master/pnp/habshaer/dc/dc0100/dc0115/data/dc0115cap.pdf | archive-date=February 24, 2017 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

===Pre-college education===
The campus is shared with [[Kendall Demonstration Elementary School]], a day school serving deaf and hard of hearing students from birth through grade 8,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.gallaudet.edu/kdes/about-.html|title=About Kendall Demonstration Elementary School – KDES|first=Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education|last=Center|website=www3.gallaudet.edu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803014116/http://www3.gallaudet.edu/kdes/about-.html|archive-date=August 3, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and the [[Model Secondary School for the Deaf]], a day and residential high school for deaf and hard of hearing students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.gallaudet.edu/mssd.html|title=Model Secondary School for the Deaf|website=www3.gallaudet.edu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731074255/http://www3.gallaudet.edu/mssd.html|archive-date=July 31, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Gallaudet also operates a child development center with admissions priority for children of faculty, staff, and students. Separate from the KDES Early Childhood Program, the child development center is inclusive of, but not exclusively for, deaf and hard-of-hearing children.<ref>{{cite web |title=Varieties of Campus Child Care |url=https://www.campuschildren.org/assets/docs/advocacy/varieties%20of%20campus%20child%20care.pdf |website=National Coalition for Campus Children's Centers |publisher=Institute for Women’s Policy Research |access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref>

===Redevelopment of campus (2015–2024)===
In October 2014, the Gallaudet University board of trustees announced a 10-year, $450 million development of its campus along 6th Street NE. The development, which includes both campus property as well as college-owned residential and retail property across the street, will be overseen by [[JBG Smith]].<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.gallaudet.edu/news/6th-street-jbg | title=GALLAUDET SELECTS THE JBG COMPANIES FOR 6TH STREET NE DEVELOPMENT | publisher=Gallaudet University | date=October 11, 2014 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803005946/https://www.gallaudet.edu/news/6th-street-jbg | archive-date=August 3, 2017 | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2014/10/10/gallaudet-selects-jbg-for-campus-development.html | title=Gallaudet Selects JBG for Campus Development | first=Jeff | last=Clabaugh | publisher=[[American City Business Journals]] | date=October 10, 2014 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803005245/https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2014/10/10/gallaudet-selects-jbg-for-campus-development.html | archive-date=August 3, 2017 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Athletics==
[[File:Gallaudet baseball team 1886.jpg|thumb|Gallaudet baseball team, 1886]]

Gallaudet athletic teams are the Bison. The university is a member of the [[NCAA Division III|Division III]] level of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA), primarily competing as a core member of the [[United East Conference]] (formerly known as the '''North Eastern Athletic Conference''' ('''NEAC''') until after the 2020–21 academic year) for most its sports since the 2010–11 academic year;<ref name="gallaudetathletics.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.gallaudetathletics.com/sports/generalnews/2008-09/06152009GallaudetJoinsNEAC |title=Gallaudet Bison Athletics : Gallaudet University Joins North Eastern Athletic Conference |publisher=Gallaudetathletics.com |date=June 15, 2009 |access-date=July 16, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624094600/http://www.gallaudetathletics.com/sports/generalnews/2008-09/06152009GallaudetJoinsNEAC |archive-date=June 24, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://gounitedeast.com/news/2021/7/22/-united-east-has-arrived.aspx |title=The United East Has Arrived |publisher=United East Conference |date=August 2, 2021 |access-date=August 2, 2021}}</ref> in the [[Eastern Collegiate Football Conference]] for football; and as Independents for their men's and women's swimming & diving and track & field teams. The Bison previously competed in the [[Coast to Coast Athletic Conference|Capital Athletic Conference]] from 1989–90 to 2009–10.

Their colors are [[buff (color)|buff]] and [[blue]], which were chosen after Union soldiers' uniforms in the Civil War.

Gallaudet competes in 16 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, soccer, swimming and track & field (indoor and outdoor); while women's sports include basketball, cross country, soccer, softball, swimming, track & field (indoor and outdoor) and volleyball. Club sports include cheerleading for both men and women.

===Facilities===
The football and soccer teams play at [[Hotchkiss Field]] with the track and field teams using [[Berg Track]] located within Hotchkiss Field for track meets. Basketball and volleyball use the [[GU Field House]] for home games. [[Hoy Field (Gallaudet)|Hoy Field]] is home to the baseball team and the [[GU Softball Complex]] hosts the softball team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallaudetathletics.com/facilities/index.html|title=Facilities|publisher=Gallaudetathletics.com|access-date=March 16, 2019|archive-date=April 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405154243/https://www.gallaudetathletics.com/facilities/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Women's basketball===
Gallaudet women's basketball made its biggest splash in 1999, with a group of players from the Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf among those leading the way. [[Ronda Jo Miller]], most certainly the greatest women's basketball player in the program's history, was a three-time Division III All-America selection, as well as one of the top women's volleyball players.

Under the leadership of coach Kitty Baldridge, Miller, Touria Ouahid, Ronda Johnson and Jenny Cooper led the Bison to the NCAA Tournament for the second time in three seasons. Receiving one of the lowest seeds as an at-large team into the Division III NCAA Tournament field, which numbered just 48 teams, the Bison traveled to St. Mary's College (Md.), the school which had just defeated them in the Capital Athletic Conference tournament, and came away with an 80–73 win. In the second round, Gallaudet faced a team from The College of New Jersey which had received a first-round bye and was highly favored, but Miller poured in 38 points, using a variety of impressive shots. The Bison advanced to the Sweet 16 round of the 1999 tournament before falling to host school Salem State College (Mass.).<ref name=D3hoops1>{{cite journal|title=Beware the Thundering Herd|url=http://www.d3hoops.com/notables/1999/03/beware-thundering-herd-gallaudet|website=D3hoops.com|date=March 9, 1999|access-date=23 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402171942/http://www.d3hoops.com/notables/1999/03/beware-thundering-herd-gallaudet|archive-date=April 2, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Miller finished with 2,656 points scored, 1,545 rebounds and 373 blocked shots, and was called "one of the best basketball players in Division III history" by the NCAA.<ref name=NCAA>{{cite web|title=Embracing the silence|url=https://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/media-center/news/embracing-silence|work=NCAA.org|date=April 30, 2014 |access-date=23 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312153846/http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/media-center/news/embracing-silence|archive-date=March 12, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Kevin Cook coached the team briefly to success. The team had not won a conference game in five years and even lost a game by 75 points in Cook's first year in charge.<ref name=ABC_WomensBball>{{cite news|last=Donvan|first=John|title=Gallaudet University Making Noise in Women's Basketball|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/gallaudet-university-making-noise-womens-basketball/story?id=12908803|access-date=14 May 2013|date=February 3, 2011|agency=ABC News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902084934/https://abcnews.go.com/Health/gallaudet-university-making-noise-womens-basketball/story?id=12908803|archive-date=September 2, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Cook's persistence on defense and discipline turned the program around. Gallaudet began the 2010–11 season on a 20-game winning streak and finished the season 24–4 (20–2 in conference play). Cook was named North Eastern Athletic Conference Coach of the Year, and senior Easter Faafiti was voted NEAC Player of the Year. The 2010–11 season ended in the first round of the Division III NCAA Championships with a loss to Juniata.<ref name=D3hoops2>{{cite journal|title=Parade magazine feature on Gallaudet University's women's basketball season|url=http://www.d3hoops.com/seasons/women/2010-11/contrib/201103195aj906|website=D3hoops.com|date=March 19, 2011|publisher=USA Today|access-date=14 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402184643/http://www.d3hoops.com/seasons/women/2010-11/contrib/201103195aj906|archive-date=April 2, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

After a victory over Penn State-Berks in the 2010–11 season, Penn State guard Corin Bishop "said that she views the Gallaudet team as a great basketball team, not a team of deaf players." Hayes of Gallaudet later said, "I feel like there are people who stereotype us as deaf players, I'm just like everyone else who plays basketball".<ref name=ABC_WomensBball/> In an interview with Lydia Lum of ''Diverse'', he said, "Because of us, there's a growing awareness that there are differences between deaf people, but we're all the same."<ref name=Lum>{{cite web|last=Lum|first=Lydia|title=Gallaudet Women on the Road to Winner's Circle|url=http://diverseeducation.com/article/14820/|work=Diverse Issues in Higher Education|date=February 24, 2011|publisher=Cox, Matthews and Assoc.|access-date=14 May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026014811/http://diverseeducation.com/article/14820/|archive-date=October 26, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Football===
[[File:Gallaudet football.jpg|thumb|Gallaudet football (2007)]]
[[File:Randolph Macon - Gallaudet, 11-17-23 LOC npcc.09893.jpg|thumb| Gallaudet football (1923)]]
{{main|Gallaudet Bison football}}
The [[American football|football]] [[huddle]] originated at Gallaudet when the team noticed that their opponents were trying to see and read their signs in order to try to guess their plays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pr.gallaudet.edu/GallaudetHistory/page3.html |title=The History of Gallaudet University (page 3) |publisher=Pr.gallaudet.edu |date=November 7, 1997 |access-date=July 16, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415005157/http://pr.gallaudet.edu/GallaudetHistory/page3.html |archive-date=April 15, 2012 |df=mdy }}</ref>

After an undefeated season in 2005, which was achieved after 122 years, head coach Ed Hottle began his campaign to return Gallaudet to the NCAA ranks. With support from the Gallaudet administration, the Bison played their last season of club football in 2006 and played a full NCAA slate of eight games in 2007.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/15/AR2007081501367.html | newspaper=The Washington Post | title=Sound and the Fury | first=Brooke | last=Foster | date=August 19, 2007 | access-date=May 3, 2010 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108072855/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/15/AR2007081501367.html | archive-date=November 8, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

After the 2009 football season, Coach Hottle left to become the first head coach of the first football team at [[Stevenson University]]. Offensive Coordinator Chuck Goldstein was tapped to be the interim head coach of the football team. On December 17, 2009, the interim tag was removed and he is now the permanent head coach of the team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Goldstein Named Gallaudet's 36th Head Football Coach, Davis Elevated to Assistant Coach|date=December 17, 2009|url=http://gallaudetathletics.com/sports/fball/2009-10/releases/coachingmoves|publisher=Gallaudet University|access-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302185930/http://gallaudetathletics.com/sports/fball/2009-10/releases/coachingmoves|archive-date=March 2, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Gallaudet University's football team has a longstanding rivalry with [[Catholic University Cardinals football|Catholic University of America]], another school in the Washington, D.C., area. On September 7, 2012, Gallaudet University defeated Catholic University of America for the first time in the 106-year history of the rivalry between the two D.C. schools.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gallaudet Defeats Catholic for the First Time in the School History|date=September 7, 2012|url=http://www.gallaudetathletics.com/sports/fball/2012-13/releases/recap_catholic|publisher=Gallaudet University Athletics|access-date=7 September 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920062525/http://www.gallaudetathletics.com/sports/fball/2012-13/releases/recap_catholic|archive-date=September 20, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In the fall of 2013, Gallaudet's football program began a remarkable run for the Division III playoffs and garnering a considerable amount of publicity, winning the regular season with a 9–1 record, before falling to [[Hobart and William Smith Colleges|Hobart College]] in the first round of the playoffs and ending the season with a 9–2 (.818) overall record.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wjla.com/articles/2013/11/gallaudet-football-prepares-for-first-ever-playoff-game-97237.html|title=Gallaudet football prepares for first ever playoff game|agency=Associated Press|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216102112/http://www.wjla.com/articles/2013/11/gallaudet-football-prepares-for-first-ever-playoff-game-97237.html|archive-date=December 16, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnycentral.com/m/news/story?id=976784 |title= Hobart derails Gallaudet football's historic season : News : CNYcentral.com|website=www.cnycentral.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216102243/http://www.cnycentral.com/m/news/story?id=976784 |archive-date=December 16, 2013}}</ref>

===Volleyball===
In 2006, the [[Gallaudet]] women's volleyball team ended their season 30–10 after a history-making run to the Sweet Sixteen in the NCAA Division III tournament. Tamijo Foronda, a senior outside hitter, was named to the AVCA All-American Team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Women's Volleyball|url=http://www.gallaudetathletics.com/sports/wvball/coaches/index|publisher=Gallaudet University|access-date=16 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907021118/http://www.gallaudetathletics.com/sports/wvball/coaches/index|archive-date=September 7, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Noted athletes===
Notable athletes that have attended the university include:
* [[Dawn Birley]] won several national Canadian [[Taekwondo]] championships.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dawn Jani Birley |url= https://dawnjanibirley.com/resume-education-training/|website=www.dawnjanibirley.com |access-date= 10 March 2023 }}</ref>

==Greek life==
The campus [[Fraternities and sororities|Greek]] community is relatively small with only three [[fraternity|fraternities]] and three [[sorority|sororities]]. The three fraternities are Alpha Sigma Pi, Kappa Gamma and [[Kappa Sigma]]. The three sororities are Delta Epsilon, Phi Kappa Zeta, and Kappa Theta Phi.

==National Deaf Life Museum==
{{Main|National Deaf Life Museum}}
[[File:National Deaf Life Museum interior looking south.jpg|thumb|National Deaf Life Museum|alt=Large gothic hall with several display boards]]
Gallaudet is home to the National Deaf Life Museum, established in 2007 as the Gallaudet University Museum. The museum focuses on the culture and history of deaf and hard of hearing people in the United States, with special attention given to Gallaudet history and alumni. The museum is located in Chapel Hall, while museum staff are housed in the campus Gate House.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Gate House |magazine=Our Story |date=July–August 2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |url=https://www.gallaudet.edu/documents/Museum/Newsletters/July-Aug-2013.pdf |access-date=March 19, 2022 |publisher=Gallaudet University Museum}}</ref> Exhibits created by the museum include highlighting notable alumni such as Olof Hanson, Robert Panara, and Andrew Jackson Foster; "Deaf HERstory", focusing on the lives and activism of deaf women; and "Deaf Difference + Space Survival", highlighting the story of the "[[Gallaudet Eleven]]" who contributed to NASA's studies of motion sickness and weightlessness during the [[Space Race]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Exhibits |url=https://www.gallaudet.edu/museum/exhibits |website=Gallaudet University |access-date=March 20, 2022}}</ref>

==Research==
The Gallaudet Office of Research Support and International Affairs (RSIA) (formerly Gallaudet Research Institute or GRI) is internationally recognized for its leadership in deafness-related research. RSIA researchers gather and analyze data concerning the social, academic, and perceptual characteristics of deaf and hard of hearing populations, primarily to provide information needed by educators in the field. Staff are skilled in various research methodologies including surveys, test norming and assessment, ethnographic studies, clinical studies, and information management.<ref>{{cite web|title=Office of Research Support and International Affairs (RSIA)|url=http://www.gallaudet.edu/research-support-and-international-affairs|publisher=Gallaudet University|access-date=10 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901082446/http://www.gallaudet.edu/research-support-and-international-affairs|archive-date=September 1, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2016, RSIA began hosting the '''Gallaudet Research Expo''', to give students, faculty, and staff "the opportunity to share ideas and showcase scholarly pursuits and achievements."<ref name="expo">{{cite web|title=Gallaudet University Research Expo|url=http://www.gallaudet.edu/research-support-and-international-affairs/research-support/gallaudet-research-expo|website=Research Support and International Affairs|publisher=Gallaudet University|access-date=10 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410203921/http://www.gallaudet.edu/research-support-and-international-affairs/research-support/gallaudet-research-expo|archive-date=April 10, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Presentations represent "education, linguistics, STM, neuroscience, interpretation and translation, computer science, audiology, psychology, deaf studies, and other fields that reflect Gallaudet's research priorities."<ref name="expo"/> 

[[Gallaudet University Press]] publishes two academic journals, ''[[American Annals of the Deaf]]'' (est. 1847) and ''[[Sign Language Studies]]'' (est. 1972). The ''Annals'' are "the oldest and most widely read English-language journal dealing with deafness and the education of deaf persons."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/annals/|title=American Annals of the Deaf|website=gupress.gallaudet.edu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201120844/http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/annals/|archive-date=December 1, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The Department of Psychology's chapter of [[Psi Chi]] publishes the journal ''Gallaudet Chronicles of Psychology''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gallaudet.edu/department-of-psychology/research-chronicles-of-psychology-psi-chi-chapter/chronicles-of-psychology|title=Chronicles of Psychology|newspaper=Gallaudet University}}</ref> The journal is managed and edited by graduate student members of the chapter. The ''Chronicles'' are designed to "mimic professional, peer-reviewed journals"<ref name="chronicles">{{cite web|title=Chronicles of Psychology|url=https://www.gallaudet.edu/department-of-psychology/research-chronicles-of-psychology-psi-chi-chapter/chronicles-of-psychology|website=Department of Psychology Research, Psi Chi Chapter|publisher=Gallaudet University|access-date=10 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202427/https://www.gallaudet.edu/department-of-psychology/research-chronicles-of-psychology-psi-chi-chapter/chronicles-of-psychology|archive-date=April 10, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and provides graduate students with the opportunity to disseminate their original psychology research.<ref name="chronicles"/> In 2018, the chapter will be publishing the fifth volume of the ''Chronicles''.

In the fall of 2010, the university's Department of Deaf Studies launched the ''Deaf Studies Digital Journal''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dsdj.gallaudet.edu/|title=Deaf Studies Digital Journal|first=Deaf Studies Digital|last=Journal|website=dsdj.gallaudet.edu}}</ref> (''DSDJ''), the first peer-reviewed academic and creative arts journal in American Sign Language and English.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gallaudet.edu/News/Pioneering_digital_journal_to_launch_November_4.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054819/http://www.gallaudet.edu/News/Pioneering_digital_journal_to_launch_November_4.html|title=Announcement of journal launch|archive-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref> The ''DSDJ'' itself is published in entirely video-based content and is available online. To date, only four issues of ''DSDJ'' have been released, the most recent being published in 2014.

==People==<!-- Please respect alphabetical order, only people with an article -->

===Notable alumni===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="border:2px solid #{{CollegeSecondaryHex|Gallaudet Bison}}; text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}}" | Name
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}}" | Class year
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}}" | Notability
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}}" | {{Refh}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Ben Bahan]]
|
|actor, professor and researcher
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Linda Bove]]
|
|actress
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Bernard Bragg]]
|
|actor
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Rodney Burford]]
|
|actor
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Dorothy Casterline]]
|
|linguist and professor
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[James Caverly]]
|
|actor
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[John Lee Clark]]
|
|writer and activist
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Carl Croneberg]]
|
|linguist and college professor
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Robert R. Davila]]
|
|9th President of Gallaudet
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Nyle DiMarco]]
|
|American actor, model and activist
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Daniel Durant]]
|
|actor
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Andrew Foster (educator)|Andrew Foster]]
|
|missionary, first self-identified Black Deaf person to earn a bachelor's degree at Gallaudet
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Phyllis Frelich]]
|
|actress
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Gertrude Scott Galloway]]
|
|educator
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Jack R. Gannon]]
|
|educator, coach, and author
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Tyrone Giordano]]
|
|actor
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Samuel Thomas Greene]]
|
|early Deaf teacher
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Alice Lougee Hagemeyer]]
|
|librarian
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Olof Hanson (architect)|Olof Hanson]]
|
|American architect
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Russell Harvard]]
|
|actor
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Bruce Hlibok]]
|
|playwright, author, actor
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[I. King Jordan|I. King Jordan Jr.]]
|
|8th President of Gallaudet
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Troy Kotsur]]
|
|actor
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Ella Mae Lentz]]
|
|poet
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Florence Lewis May]]
|
|art historian
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Carolyn McCaskill]]
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Dorothy Miles]]
|
|British poet and activist
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Wilma Newhoudt-Druchen]]
|
|South African politician
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Jane Norman (Gallaudet)|Jane Norman]]
|
|director and educator
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Robert Panara]]
|
|professor of deaf culture studies
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Louise Stern]]
|
|writer and artist
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Shoshannah Stern]]
|
|actress
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Clayton Valli]]
|
|linguist
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[George Veditz]]
|
|teacher, American Sign Language filmmaker, preserver of American Sign Language
|
|}

===Notable faculty===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="border:2px solid #{{CollegeSecondaryHex|Gallaudet Bison}}; text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}}" | Name
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}}" | Active tenure
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}}" | Notability
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}}" | {{Refh}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Percival Hall|Percival Hall Sr.]]
| 1895–1953
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[John B. Hotchkiss]]
| 1869–1922
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Elizabeth Peet]]
| 1900-1950
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Edward Miner Gallaudet]]
| 1864–1910
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Elizabeth English Benson]]
| 1926–1970
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gallaudet.edu/development/give/|title=Giving at Gallaudet}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[William Stokoe|William C. Stokoe, Jr.]]
| 1955–1984
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=William C. Stokoe, Jr: Founder of Sign Language Linguistics: 1919–2000 |url=http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/stokoe.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022122915/http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/stokoe.html |archive-date=October 22, 2017 |access-date=10 April 2018 |publisher=Gallaudet University Press |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[R. Orin Cornett]]
| 1965–1984
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Teresa Blankmeyer Burke]]
| 2005–present
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | [[Betty G. Miller]]
| 1959–1977
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=DiGuglielmo |first1=Joey |date=January 9, 2013 |title=Betty Miller, 78 |work=Washington Blade |url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2013/01/09/betty-miller-78/ |url-status=live |access-date=10 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824174805/http://www.washingtonblade.com/2013/01/09/betty-miller-78/ |archive-date=August 24, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Holcomb |first1=Mabs |url=https://archive.org/details/deafwomenparadet0000holc/page/40/mode/1up |title=Deaf women : A parade through the decades |last2=Holcomb |first2=Marjoriebell Stakley |last3=Wood |first3=Sharon |year=1989 |publisher=Dawn Sign Press |isbn=9780915035281}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 1971 |title=The Deaf American 1971-06: Vol 23 Iss 10 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_a-deaf-american-monograph_1971-06_23_10/page/23/mode/1up |publisher=National Association of the Deaf}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Jane Norman (Gallaudet)|Jane Norman]]
|1987–2013
|
|
|}

===Presidents of Gallaudet University===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="border:2px solid #{{CollegeSecondaryHex|Gallaudet Bison}}; text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}};" | {{No.}}
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}};" | Name
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}};" | Tenure
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}};" | Academic expertise
! scope="col" style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Gallaudet Bison|border=0}};" | {{Reference heading}}
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | [[Edward Miner Gallaudet]]
| 1864–1910
| 
| 
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | [[Percival Hall]]
| 1910–1945
| 
| 
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | [[Leonard M. Elstad]]
| 1945–1969
| 
| 
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | [[Edward C. Merrill Jr.]]
| 1969–1983
| 
| 
|-
| 5
! scope="row" | [[W. Lloyd Johns]]
| October 1983–January 1984
| 
| 
|-
| 6
! scope="row" | [[Jerry C. Lee]]
| 1984–1988
| 
| 
|-
| 7
! scope="row" | [[Elisabeth Zinser|Elisabeth A. Zinser]]
| March 1988
| 
| 
|-
| 8
! scope="row" | [[I. King Jordan|I. King Jordan Jr.]]
| 1988–2006
| 
| 
|-
| 9
! scope="row" | [[Robert Davila]]
| 2006–2009
| 
| 
|-
| 10
! scope="row" | [[T. Alan Hurwitz]]
| 2010–2015
| 
| 
|-
| 11
! scope="row" | [[Roberta Cordano]]
| 2016–present
| 
| 
|}

==See also==
* [[American School for the Deaf]]
* [[American Sign Language]]
* [[Bilingual-bicultural education]]
* [[National Association of the Deaf (United States)]] (NAD)
* [[NTID|National Technical Institute for the Deaf]] (NTID)
* [[Willy Conley]]
* [[Andrew Foster (educator)]]
* [[Francis Maginn]]
* [[William Stokoe]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official|http://www.gallaudet.edu }}
* [https://gallaudetbison.com/ Official athletics website]

{{Gallaudet University}}
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