View source for Fox Chase Cancer Center

{{Short description|Cancer treatment and research institution in the US}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox hospital
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| Name = Fox Chase Cancer Center
| Org/Group = [[Temple University Health System]]<!-- org or group that owns/manages the hospital -->
| map_type =
| latitude = <!-- used only for adding a map, with map_type -->
| longitude = <!-- used only for adding a map, with map_type -->
| Logo = Fox_Chase_Logo.png
| Logo Size = 285<!-- optional -->
| Location = 333 Cottman Avenue
| Region = Philadelphia<!-- e.g. County or City&nbsp;— NB autolinked -->
| State = [[Pennsylvania]]<!-- optional UK: England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland. US: The US State&nbsp;— NB autolinked -->
| Country = [[United States]]<!-- 2 letter code or in full&nbsp;— NB autolinked -->
| Coordinates = {{coord|40.071848|-75.090206|type:landmark|display=title, inline}}
| Funding = Non-profit<!-- Non-profit, For-profit, Government, Public -->
| Type = Specialist<!-- Community, District, General, District General, Teaching, Specialist -->
| Speciality = [[Oncology]], [[Teaching hospital]], [[Cancer research]]<!-- if devoted to a speciality (ie not a broad spectrum of specialities) and Type=Specialist/Teaching -->
| Standards = [[NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center]]<!-- optional if no national standards -->
| Affiliation = [[Temple University School of Medicine]], [[Temple University]] <!-- 'None' or Medical School and University affiliations (medical or paramedical) -->
| Network = <!-- hospital network, non-owner -->
| Beds = 
| former-names = American Oncologic Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research
| Founded = {{Start date and age|1904}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cancer.gov/research/infrastructure/cancer-centers/find/foxchase |title=Fox Chase Cancer Center |work= National Cancer Institute |date=26 July 2012 }}</ref> (as the American Oncologic Hospital)
| Website = {{URL|https://www.foxchase.org/}}<!-- 'None' or http URL -->
| Wiki-Links = <!-- optional -->
}}
'''Fox Chase Cancer Center''' is a [[National Cancer Institute]]-designated [[Comprehensive Cancer Center]] research facility and hospital located in the [[Fox Chase, Philadelphia|Fox Chase]] section of Philadelphia, [[Pennsylvania]], [[United States]]. The main facilities of the center are located on property adjoining [[Burholme Park]]. The center is part of the [[Temple University Health System]] (TUHS) and specializes in the treatment and prevention of cancer.

==History==

The center was formed in 1974 by the merger of the '''American Oncologic Hospital''', which was founded in 1904 as the first cancer hospital in the United States,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kreeger |first=Karen |url=http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/96/3/171 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709131701/http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/96/3/171 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-09 |title=America's First Cancer Center Celebrates Centennial |publisher=Journal of the National Cancer Institute |date=2004-02-04 |access-date=2008-03-06}}</ref> and the '''Institute for Cancer Research''', founded in 1927.

In 1967 a large wing of the hospital was constructed based on a design by [[Vincent G. Kling]] using steep slopes of poured concrete and [[roof tiles]] by [[Ludowici Roof Tile|Ludowici]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Unusual Research Hospital Features New Concept in Design and Engineering |work=Roofing and Sheet Metal News |issue=6 |date=June 1967}}</ref>

In 1995, Fox Chase also became a founding member of the [[National Comprehensive Cancer Network]], an alliance of 21 of the nation's leading academic cancer centers.

The center was an independent, non-profit institution until it became part of TUHS July 1, 2012. On December 15, 2011, Fox Chase Cancer Center and Temple University Health system signed an affiliation agreement.<ref>{{cite news  |url=http://www.fccc.edu/patients/new/affiliation.html |title=Fox Chase to Affiliate with Temple University Health System |access-date=2012-05-02}}</ref> Under the agreement, Fox Chase has connected and extended its current operations into the adjoining 176-bed and 33-acre Jeanes Hospital, which is already a part of the Temple University Health System. Fox Chase is considered the "Cancer Hub" of the Temple University Health System.

The hospital has almost 2,400 employees and an operating budget of $300 million. Annual hospital admissions average about 4,100 and outpatient visits to physicians exceed 69,000 a year.

===Research advances and awards===

* 2023 [[American Nurses Association]] Magnet Award for Nursing Excellence. Fox Chase Cancer Center is one of 15 hospitals to receive the award six or more times.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Twenter |first1=Paige |title=The 15 hospitals with more than 5 Magnet designations |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/rankings-and-ratings/the-15-hospitals-with-more-than-5-magnet-designations.html |website=www.beckershospitalreview.com |language=en-gb |date=20 November 2023}}</ref> 
* 2020 the Press Ganey's Guardian of Excellence Award for excellence in clinical care in outpatient services.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fox Chase Cancer Center Receives Press Ganey's 2020 Guardian of Excellence Award |url=https://www.templehealth.org/about/news/fox-chase-cancer-center-receives-press-ganeys-2020-guardian-of-excellence-award |website=Temple Health |language=en}}</ref>
* 2018 [[Anna Marie Skalka]] is awarded the [[William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement]], given to scientists who have made an outstanding contribution to scientific research and demonstrated an ability to communicate this research to scientists in other disciplines<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-13 |title=Ann Skalka Wins 2018 William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement |url=https://www.foxchase.org/news/2018-07-13-Skalka-2018-Procter-Prize |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=www.foxchase.org |language=en}}</ref>
* 2011 The 6th Albert Szent-Györgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research was awarded to [[Beatrice Mintz]] by the [[National Foundation for Cancer Research]] for her discoveries of the relationship between development and cancer, based on construction and analysis of chimeric and transgenic mouse models.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 8, 2011 |title=The Annual Szent-Györgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research Awarded to Beatrice Mintz, Ph.D. |url=https://nfcr.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Szent-Gyorgyi-2011-Press-Release.pdf |access-date=December 21, 2023 |website=National Foundation for Cancer Research}}</ref>
* 2004 The [[Kyoto Prize]] in Basic Science is awarded to [[Alfred G. Knudson]] for lifetime achievement and contributions to the betterment of mankind.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-20 |title=Discoveries from Fox Chase Research {{!}} Fox Chase Cancer Center - Philadelphia PA |url=https://www.foxchase.org/discoveries-fox-chase-research |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=www.foxchase.org |language=en}}</ref>
* 2004 The [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] is awarded to [[Irwin Rose]] and his colleagues [[Aaron Ciechanover]] and [[Avram Hershko]] for their discovery of [[ubiquitin]]-mediated protein degradation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Neefjes |first1=J. |last2=Groothuis |first2=T. a. M. |last3=Dantuma |first3=N. P. |date=2004-12-25 |title=[The 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15646859/#:~:text=This%20year's%20Nobel%20Prize%20in,of%20ubiquitin-mediated%20protein%20degradation. |journal=Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde |volume=148 |issue=52 |pages=2579–2582 |issn=0028-2162 |pmid=15646859}}</ref>
* 2000 Fox Chase became the first US cancer center and the first hospital in Pennsylvania to earn the [[American Nurses Association]] Magnet Award for Nursing Excellence . 
* 1993 [[Beatrice Mintz]] produces the first mouse model of human malignant melanoma, in which the disease resembles the human malignancy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beatrice Mintz |url=https://www.pas.va/en/academicians/deceased/mintz.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.pas.va |language=en}}</ref>
* 1991 Philip Tsichlis, Alfonso Bellacosa, and Joseph Testa clone the [[AKT1]] and [[AKT2]] genes - the first viral oncogenes described that inhibit programmed cell death.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Testa, Bellacosa |first=Joseph, Alfonso |date=September 25, 2001 |title=AKT plays a central role in tumorigenesis |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=98 |issue=20 |pages=10983–10985 |doi=10.1073/pnas.211430998 |doi-access=free |pmid=11572954 |pmc=58668 |bibcode=2001PNAS...9810983T }}</ref>
* 1991 Timothy Yen discovers that a molecular motor controls the way human cells sort their chromosomes when cells divide during [[mitosis]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schaar, Chan, Maddox, Salmon, Yen |first=B.T., G.K.T., P., E.D., and T.J. |date=December 15, 1997 |title=CENP-E Function at Kinetochores Is Essential for Chromosome Alignment |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=139 |issue=6 |pages=1373–1382 |doi=10.1083/jcb.139.6.1373 |pmid=9396744 |pmc=2132614 }}</ref>
* 1982 William Mason and Jesse Summers demonstrate that the hepatitis B virus utilizes reverse transcription for genome replication, previously thought to be unique to retroviruses.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Summers |first1=Jesse |last2=Mason |first2=William S. |date=1982-06-01 |title=Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674%2882%2990157-X |journal=Cell |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=403–415 |doi=10.1016/0092-8674(82)90157-X |pmid=6180831 |s2cid=20205800 |issn=0092-8674}}</ref>
* 1981 [[Beatrice Mintz]]'s laboratory is one of the first to introduce a cloned gene into fertilized mouse eggs and prove that it is retained in animals developing from those eggs, and is transmitted to their progeny.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Myelnikov |first=Dmitriy |date=January 27, 2020 |title=Tinkering with genes and embryos: the multiple invention of transgenic mice c. 1980 |journal=History and Technology |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=425–452 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2019.1694126 |pmid=32089587 |pmc=7035111 }}</ref>
* 1980 Discovery of critical aspects of [[ubiquitin]]-dependent protein degradation by [[Avram Hershko]] and [[Irwin Rose]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kresge, Simoni, Hill |first=Nicole, Robert D., Robert L. |title=Characterization of the heat-stable polypeptide of the ATP-dependent proteolytic system from reticulocytes. |url=https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(19)33845-1/fulltext |access-date=December 22, 2023 |website=Journal of Biological Chemistry}}</ref>
* 1980 [[Alfred G. Knudson]] develops the [[Knudson hypothesis|"two-hit" hypothesis]], predicting the existence and behavior of tumor suppressor genes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-10 |title=Knudson's "Two-Hit" Theory of Cancer Causation {{!}} Fox Chase Cancer Center - Philadelphia PA |url=https://www.foxchase.org/about-us/history/discoveries-fox-chase-research/knudsons-two-hit-theory-cancer-causation |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=www.foxchase.org |language=en}}</ref>
* 1980 Discovery of the [[SCID mouse]], a mouse strain with no natural immunity, by Melvin Bosma. The SCID mouse is an essential research tool in devising new treatments.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Young |first=Robert C. |date=August 1997 |title=Fox Chase Cancer Center |journal=Molecular Medicine |language=en |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=491–495 |doi=10.1007/BF03401695 |issn=1528-3658|doi-access=free |pmid=9307977 |pmc=2230177 }}</ref>
* 1979 [[Beatrice Mintz]] shows that a fatal genetic anemia of mice can be prevented in utero by injecting normal blood-forming stem cells into the fetus through a placental blood vessel.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fleischman |first1=R. A. |last2=Mintz |first2=B. |date=November 1979 |title=Prevention of genetic anemias in mice by microinjection of normal hematopoietic stem cells into the fetal placenta |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=76 |issue=11 |pages=5736–5740 |doi=10.1073/pnas.76.11.5736 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmid=42904|pmc=411725 |bibcode=1979PNAS...76.5736F }}</ref>
* 1976 The [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] is awarded to [[Baruch Blumberg]] for his discovery of the [[Hepatitis B virus]] and development of the HBV vaccine, the first "anti-cancer vaccine", which has reduced the incidence of liver cancer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baruch Blumberg, MD, DPhil » Hepatitis B Foundation |url=https://www.hepb.org/about-us/baruch-blumberg-md-dphil/#:~:text=In%201976,%20Dr.,hepatitis%20B%20vaccine%20in%201969. |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=www.hepb.org}}</ref>
* 1975 The first [[transgenic]] mammals containing foreign DNA are produced by [[Beatrice Mintz]] and [[Rudolf Jaenisch]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Dennis |date=June 2011 |title=Genetic Engineering of a Mouse |journal=The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=117–124 |pmid=21698043 |pmc=3117405 }}</ref>
* 1974 Discovery by Robert Perry that the messenger RNAs of mammalian cells and their precursors contain a novel structure at their leading ends.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shengdong |first=Ke |date=May 15, 2017 |title=m6A mRNA modifications are deposited in nascent pre-mRNA and are not required for splicing but do specify cytoplasmic turnover |journal=Genes & Development |volume=31 |issue=10 |pages=990–1006 |doi=10.1101/gad.301036.117 |pmid=28637692 |pmc=5495127 }}</ref>
* 1972 [[Helen M. Berman]] and [[Jenny Glusker]] report the crystal structure of a nucleic acid-drug complex as a model for anti-tumor agent and mutagen action.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jenny Pickworth Glusker |url=https://history.amercrystalassn.org/jp_glusker |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=history.amercrystalassn.org}}</ref>
* 1968 Development of the first [[Hepatitis B vaccine]] by [[Baruch Blumberg]] and [[Irving Millman]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hepatitis B Foundation: History of Hepatitis B Vaccine |url=https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/vaccination/history-of-hepatitis-b-vaccine/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=www.hepb.org}}</ref>
* 1967 Discovery of the [[Hepatitis B virus]] and development of the blood test for Hepatitis B by [[Baruch Blumberg]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baruch Blumberg, MD, DPhil » Hepatitis B Foundation |url=https://www.hepb.org/about-us/baruch-blumberg-md-dphil/#:~:text=Blumberg%20won%20the%20Nobel%20Prize,hepatitis%20B%20vaccine%20in%201969. |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=www.hepb.org}}</ref>
* 1962 The first demonstration, by Robert Perry, that ribosomal RNA is synthesized in the nucleolus as a large precursor molecule that is subsequently processed into mature components.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pedersona, Politza |first=Thoru, Joan C. |date=March 20, 2000 |title=The Nucleolus and the Four Ribonucleoproteins of Translation |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=148 |issue=6 |pages=1091–1096 |doi=10.1083/jcb.148.6.1091 |pmid=10725320 |pmc=2174318 }}</ref>
* 1962 [[Beatrice Mintz]]'s development of the first mammal comprising two genetically different cell populations in all tissues, as a tool for analyses of embryonic development and disease in mouse models.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mintz |first=Beatrice |date=1969 |title=Do Cells Fuse in vivo? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4294009 |journal=In Vitro |volume=5 |pages=40–47 |doi=10.1007/BF02618373 |jstor=4294009 |pmid=4941106 |s2cid=6443296 |issn=0073-5655}}</ref>
* 1960 Discovery of the [[Philadelphia chromosome]], the first genetic abnormality associated with a human cancer, by [[David Hungerford]] of the Fox Chase Cancer Center and [[Peter Nowell]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nowell |first=Peter C. |date=August 1, 2007 |title=Discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome: a personal perspective |journal=Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=117 |issue=8 |pages=2033–2035 |doi=10.1172/JCI31771 |pmid=17671636 |pmc=1934591 }}</ref>
* 1952 First nuclear transplantation (or '[[cloning]]') experiment is performed by [[Robert Briggs (scientist)|Robert Briggs]] and [[Thomas Joseph King|Thomas King]] using eggs of the frog ''[[Rana pipiens]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frogs are cloned from specialised cells {{!}} Dolly the Sheep |url=https://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/legacy/roundups/frogs-are-cloned-from-specialised-cells/index.html |access-date=2023-12-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 1946 Mary Bennett identifies an essential nutrient later revealed to be [[Vitamin B12]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hoffbrand |first1=A. V. |last2=Weir |first2=D. G. |date=June 2001 |title=The history of folic acid |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02822.x |journal=British Journal of Haematology |language=en |volume=113 |issue=3 |pages=579–589 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02822.x |s2cid=22925228 |issn=0007-1048}}</ref>

==Notable current and former researchers==
* [[Manfred Bayer]], electron microscopist who obtained the earliest images of hepatitis B virus<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hepatitis B Story |url=https://www.nasonline.org/publications/beyond-discovery/hepatitis-b-story.pdf |access-date=December 24, 2023 |website=National Academy of Sciences}}</ref>
* [[Helen M. Berman]], former director of the [[Protein Data Bank]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=1975-03-15 |title=(IUCr) 2-[3-(7-Chloro-2-methoxy-10-[benzo(b)-1,5-naphthyridinyl]amino)propylamino]ethanol (ICR-372-OH) |url=https://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0567740875003871 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry}}</ref>
* [[Baruch Blumberg]], (d. 5 April 2011) awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1976 for discovery of Hepatitis B and the Hepatitis B vaccine<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of Fox Chase Cancer Center's Scientific and Medical Achievements |url=https://cancerhistoryproject.com/institutions/fox-chase-cancer-centers-scientific-and-medical-achievements |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Cancer History Project |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Robert Briggs (scientist)|Robert Briggs]], pioneer in cloning by embryonic nuclear transfer
* [[Marie A. DiBerardino]], pioneer in amphibian cloning
* [[Wafik El-Deiry]], discoverer of WAF1
* [[Jenny Pickworth Glusker]], noted crystallographer
* [[David Hungerford]], co-discoverer of the [[Philadelphia chromosome]]
* [[V. Craig Jordan]], "Father of [[Tamoxifen]]"
* [[Alfred G. Knudson]], architect of the "two-hit hypothesis" ([[Knudson hypothesis]]) about the role of accumulated genetic errors in cancer development, awarded the [[Kyoto Prize]] in 2004 and the Albert [[Lasker Award]] in 1998
* [[H. Paul Meloche]] (1929 – 1999), research biochemist who specialized in the field of enzyme stereochemistry
* [[Irving Millman]] (d. 17 April 2012), who helped [[Baruch Blumberg]] develop the first hepatitis B vaccine
* [[Beatrice Mintz]], pioneering cancer researcher, noted for many embryonic and genetic advances, and member of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] and of the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]
* [[Arthur Lindo Patterson]], who developed the [[Patterson function]], a key step in determining the structures of molecules using X-ray crystallography
* [[Irwin Rose]], awarded [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 2004 for the discovery of [[ubiquitin]]-mediated [[protein degradation]]
* [[Harry Rozmiarek]], noted veterinarian, academic, and laboratory animal care specialist.
* [[Alton Sutnick]], noted for the early clinical work that led to the identification of the [[Hepatitis B virus]]
* [[Shirley M. Tilghman]], president of [[Princeton University]] from 2001 to 2013
* [[Tim J. Yen]], former professor

==See also==
{{Portal|Philadelphia}}
*[[MolIDE]]
*[[ProtCID]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|https://www.foxchase.org/}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Philadelphia]]
[[Category:Medical research institutes in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Cancer hospitals]]
[[Category:Cancer organizations based in the United States]]
[[Category:Fox Chase, Philadelphia]]
[[Category:NCI-designated cancer centers]]
[[Category:1904 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Temple University]]